朝鮮前期 開城商人의 商業活動 = The Gaesung Merchants' Commercial Activities in the Early Chosun Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper studied the Gaesung(開城) Merchants' commercial activities in the early Chosun(朝鮮) Dynasty from a viewpoint of domestic commerce and foreign trade, being based on the commercial environment in Gaesung.
The Gaesung Merchants of the early Chosun Dynasty had been competing with Seoul Merchants for both the domestic and international commerce rights, utilizing the historical experiences of the commercial culture formed out of Koryŏ(高麗) on the basis of the commercially peculiar surroundings of Gaesung which had been called ‘commercial city’ since the foundation of Chosun Dynasty. In this process, despite the commercial policy of ‘Restraining Commercewhich Chosun government had advocated and emphasized, overcoming it, they learned to form the commercial organization that was characterized as the credit and banding together. They, consequently, accumulated an enormous fortune to be equal to Seoul Merchants.
In the long run, this aspect that the Gaesung Merchants showed in the commercial history of early Chosun reflected the position of the economic category which commerce couldn't help having in disrelation to Restraining Commerce’ of Chosun government and socio-function of merchants.
Moreover, such Gaesung commerce and Gaesung Merchants' positions not only proved that the commercial tradition of Koryŏ had not been extinguished in the Chosun which looked on Neo-Confucian Metaphysics(性理學) as Nation-ideological study, but also must have been the historical assumption both the domestic commerce and foreign trade development in the late Chosun.

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