Canada's second national report on climate change : actions to meet commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Unit = ⅸ
• Executive Summary = XI
• CHAPTER 1 : Introduction = 1
• Climate Change = 1
• Canada's Commitments Under the Framework Convention on Climate Change （FCCC） = 2
• National Communications Under the FCCC = 3
• Canada's First National Report on Climate Change ­ 1994 = 3
• Canada's National Action Program on Climate Change （NAPCC） = 3
• Canada's Second National Report on Climate Change ­ 1997 = 3
• References = 4
• CHAPTER 2 : National Circumstances = 5
• Physical Characteristics = 5
• Socioeconomic Context = 6
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions = 7
• Political Context = 7
• Energy Sector's Role in the Economy = 8
• Performance Indicators = 9
• Key Determinants of Greenhouse Gas Emissions = 9
• Population and GDP Indicators = 9
• Energy Export Indicators = 10
• Secondary Energy Use and Emission Indicators = 10
• Evolution of Secondary Energy Use and Its Major Determinants = 12
• Trend in the Carbon Dioxide Intensity of Secondary Energy Use = 13
• Summary and Conclusions = 14
• Agriculture = 15
• Summary = 15
• References = 15
• CHAPTER 3 : Canada's National Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory = 17
• Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates, 1990­1995 = 17
• Changes to Canada's 1992 Greenhouse Gas Inventory = 17
• Recent Trends in Emissions = 20
• Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming Potentials （GWPs） = 20
• Structure of the Inventory = 21
• Energy Sources = 23
• Bunkers = 23
• Non­Energy Sources = 24
• Industrial Processes = 25
• Forestry and Land­Use Change = 27
• Agriculture = 27
• Waste = 28
• Solvents and Other Products = 29
• Uncertainties = 29
• References = 30
• CHAPTER 4 : Policies and Measures = 33
• The National Action Program on Climate Change （NAPCC） = 33
• Measuring the Impacts of NAPCC Initiatives = 35
• Emissions from Direct End Use of Energy = 36
• Emissions from Electricity Generation = 37
• Emissions from Fossil Fuel Production = 38
• Non­Energy Emissions = 39
• Results for Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions = 39
• References = 39
• CHAPTER 5 : The Emission Projection to 2020 = 41
• Introduction = 41
• Modelling Structure = 42
• Major Assumptions = 43
• Energy Prices = 43
• Macroeconomic and Demographic Assumptions = 44
• The Policy Setting = 45
• Results for Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions = 46
• Sensitivity Analysis = 50
• Summary and Conclusions = 51
• References = 52
• CHAPTER 6 : Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Canada = 53
• Climate Model Predictions = 53
• Integrated Studies of Possible Impacts of Climate Change = 54
• Implications for Canadian Ecosystems = 55
• Hydrology and Water Supply = 55
• Human Health = 56
• Ecology = 56
• Infrastructure／Activities／Settlements = 57
• Coastal Zones／Margins = 58
• Agriculture = 58
• Forestry = 58
• CHAPTER 7 : Adaptation = 59
• Introduction = 59
• The Nature of Adaptation = 59
• Canada's Response = 60
• CHAPTER 8 : Financial Assistance and Technology Transfer = 65
• Canada's FCCC Commitments = 65
• Activities Implemented Jointly （AIJ） : the Canadian Joint Implementation Initiative （CJII） = 66
• Technology Transfer and Capacity­Building Initiatives = 67
• Climate Technology Initiative （CTI） = 68
• Canadian Consultant Trust Fund for the Global Environment （CCTF­GE） = 68
• Canadian Environmental Solutions （CES） = 68
• International Model Forest Program = 68
• Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Joint Ventures = 69
• Changes to Canadian Export Financing = 69
• Clean Coal Technologies = 69
• Canadian International Business Strategy （CIBS） = 69
• Canadian Environmental Industry Strategy （CEIS） = 70
• Canadian Environmental Technology Advancement Centres （CETACs） = 70
• Other Multilateral and Bilateral Initiatives = 70
• Commission for Environmental Cooperation （CEC） = 70
• Canada­Costa Rica Study on the Advantages of Joint Implementation = 70
• Asia­Pacific Economic Cooperation （APEC） Committee on Harmonization of Equipment Standards = 71
• Hemispheric Project on Building and Equipment Efficiency = 71
• Canada­Mexico Memorandum of Understanding （MOU） on Energy Efficiency and Alternative Energy = 71
• Canada­Mexico­U.S. Statement of Intent to Cooperate on Climate Change and Joint Implementation = 71
• Conferences and Workshops = 71
• GLOBE '96 ­ March／April 1996 = 71
• OECD Sustainable Transportation Conference-March／April 1996 = 71
• IEA International Conference : "Technologies for Activities Implemented Jointly （AIJ）" = 72
• Workshops = 72
• CHAPTER 9 : Research and Systematic Observations = 73
• Data Collection and Monitoring = 73
• Climate Monitoring = 73
• Ecological Monitoring = 74
• Monitoring Atmospheric Composition = 74
• Past Climates = 74
• National Energy Use Database = 74
• Canadian Research on Climate Change = 74
• Improved Research Networks = 74
• New Developments in Climate Process Research = 75
• Greenhouse Gas Fluxes = 75
• Climate Processes = 75
• Climate Modelling = 76
• Climate Change Detection = 76
• Impacts of Climate Change = 76
• Energy Technology Research and Development = 77
• Industrial Sector = 78
• Buildings Sector = 78
• Renewables = 79
• Transportation Sector = 79
• PERD's Energy and Climate Change Task = 80
• Greenhouse Gas Cycles and Storage = 80
• Climate Change Prediction and Detection = 80
• Capture of Greenhouse Gases and Their Disposal = 81
• Impact of Climate Change on the Canadian Energy Sector = 81
• Other Initiatives = 81
• Climate Change Voluntary Challenge and Registry （VCR） Program = 81
• Pollution Prevention = 82
• Canadian Directory of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs in Canada = 82
• Summary = 82
• CHAPTER 10 : Education, Training, and Public Awareness = 83
• Introduction = 83
• Federal Government Actions = 83
• Environment Canada : Action 21 = 83
• Environment Canada : Atmospheric Environment Service = 84
• Natural Resources Canada （NRCan） = 84
• Provincial／Territorial Activities = 85
• Municipal Governments = 85
• Non­Governmental Organizations = 86
• Environmental Groups = 86
• Canadian Global Change Program （CGCP） = 86
• Private Sector Associations and Companies = 86
• Appendix I = 87
• Table 1 Summary of policies and measures affecting emissions of CO₂ and other GHGs = 89
• Government of Canada = 89
• British Columbia = 96
• Alberta = 98
• Saskatchewan = 102
• Manitoba = 104
• Ontario = 106
• Quebec = 111
• New Brunswick = 114
• Nova Scotia = 116
• Prince Edward Island = 118
• Newfoundland = 119
• Yukon = 120
• Northwest Territories = 122
• Municipalities = 124
• Table 1 （a） Summary of policies and measures : effects on CO₂ emissions = 127
• Table 1 （b） Summary of policies and measures : effects on CH₄ emissions = 128
• Table 1 （c） Summary of policies and measures : effects on N₂O emissions = 129
• Table 2 （a） Summary of projections of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions = 130
• Table 2 （b） Summary of projections of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions = 131
• Table 3 Summary of projections of removals of CO₂ by sinks = 132
• Table 4 Summary of projections of anthropogenic CH₄ emissions = 133
• Table 5 Summary of projections of anthropogenic N₂O emissions = 134
• Table 6 Summary of projections of anthropogenic emissions of other greenhouse gases = 135
• Table 7 Summary of projections of anthropogenic emissions of precursors and SOx = 136
• Table 8 Summary of key variables and assumptions in the projections analysis = 137
• Table 9 Financial contributions to the operating entity or entities of the financial mechanism, regional and other multilateral institutions and programs = 138
• Table 10 Bilateral financial contributions related to the implementation of the Convention, （Canadian dollars） = 139
• Table 11 （a） Projects or programs that promote, facilitate and／or finance transfer of or access to ≪hard≫ and ≪soft≫ technologies = 140
• Table 11 （b） Projects or programs that promote, facilitate and／or finance transfer of or access to ≪hard≫ and ≪soft≫ technologies = 141