『형이상학』 12권과 『원인론』의 관계에 대한 토마스의 해석의 재구성 = A Latin-Medieval Relationship between Book Lambda of Metaphysics and the Book of Causes: A Case Study in Thomas Aquinas.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 토마스 아퀴나스에게서 아리스토텔레스의 형이상학과 플라톤주의적인 형이상학이 구체적으로 어떻게 종합되는지 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위해 아리스토텔레스의 형이상학에 대한 토마스의 견해를 『형이상학 주해』에서, 플라톤주의의 형이상학에 대한 토마스의 견해를 『원인론 주해』에서 가져온다. 형이상학에 있어서 아리스토텔레스와 플라톤의 종합 내지 일치에 대한 토마스의 이론은 언급한 두 주석서에 나타난 토마스의 해석들의 종합으로 구성될 것이다. 토마스에게서 『형이상학』과 『원인론』이 결합된다는 것은 다름 아닌 『형이상학』 12권에 나타난 분리실체 이론이 『원인론』의 제일원인들에 대한 이론과 조화를 이루어야 한다는 뜻인데, 각각에서 분리실체로 제시된 대상들은 인식분석(resolutio)의 관점에서 서로 동일한 것으로 증명되어야 한다. 본 논문은 토마스의 해석에서 『형이상학』 12권 안에 『원인론』의 이론이 어떻게 담겨 있는지를 구체적으로 밝혀낼 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research aims to establish how Aristotelian metaphysics is combined with Platonic metaphysics in Thomas Aquinas. In this study I will take Thomas’ Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics as a source in which we can read his thoughts about Aristotle’s metaphysics and bring his own opinion about Platonic metaphysics from his Commentary on the Liber de causis. Since he knew the histo-philological relation between that Arabic treatise and Proclus’s Elements of Theology, for him the Book of Causes shows truly the Platonic philosophy and consequently, his Commentary on that book is the very source, too, where we can read his view on Platonism. In this article, therefore, Thomas’ theory about unity of Aristotle and Platonism will consist of his interpretations shown in those two commentaries. That for Thomas the Book of Causes is combined with Aristotle’s Metaphysics means nothing other than that the doctrine of first causes of the Arabico-Platonic treatise is integrated into the theory of separated substance in book Lambda of Metaphysics. In this research I strive to show in detail how in Thomas’ interpretation the theory of Liber de causis could dwell in the theory of book Lambda.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정현석, "중세 천사론의 탈(脫)플라톤주의적 성격 - 토마스 아퀴나스의 이존실체론(離存實體論)과 중세인의 옷을 입은 아리스토텔레스 -" 한국중세철학회 (22) : 185-226, 2016

2 Janssens, J., "al-Ghazzālī’s Tahāfut. Is it really a Rejection of Ibn Sīnā’s Philosophy?" 12 (12): 1-17, 2001

3 Thomas de Aquino, "Vom Wesen der Engel. Übersetzung, Einführung und Erläuterungen von Wolf-Ulrich Klünker" Freies Geistesleben 1989

4 Jaffa, H, "Thomism and Aristotelianism: A Study of the Commentary by Thomas Aquinas on the Nicomachean Ethics" University of Chicago Press 1952

5 Cheneval, F./, "Thomas von Aquin. Prologe zu den Aristoteles-Kommentaren" Vittorio Klostermann xiii-lxx, 2014

6 Cheneval, F, "Thomas von Aquin. Prologe zu den Aristoteles-Kommentaren" Vittorio Klostermann 2014

7 Meyer, H, "Thomas von Aquin, Sein System und seine geistesgeschichtliche Stellung" Schöningh 1961

8 Leppin, V., "Thomas Handbuch" Mohr Siebeck 410-417, 2016

9 Köpf, U., "Thomas Handbuch" Mohr Siebeck 282-287, 2016

10 Thomas de Aquino, "Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics" Dumb Ox 1995

11 Elders, L. J., "Thomas Aquinas and his Predecessors. The Philosophers and the Church Fathers in His Works" CUA Press 2018

12 O’Meara, T.F, "Thomas Aquinas Theologian" niversity of Notre Dame Press 1997

13 Owens, J., "Thomas Aquinas 1274-1974 Commemorative Studies" PIMS 213-238, 1274

14 Wippel, J. F., "The Title ‘First Philosophy’ According to Thomas Aquinas and His Different Justifications for the Same" 27 : 585-600, 1974

15 Wolfson, H. A., "The Problem of the Souls of the Spheres from the Byzantine Commentaries on Aristotle through the Arabs and St. Thomas to Kepler" 16 : 67-87, 1962

16 Gersch, S, "The Platonic Tradition in the Middle Ages. A Doxographic Approach" De Gruyter 2002

17 Proclus, "The Elements of Theology. A revised Text with Translation" Clarendon Press 1963

18 Brock, S. L., "The Causality of the Unmoved Mover in Thomas Aquinas's Commentary on Metaphysics XII" 10 : 805-832, 2012

19 Adamson, P, "The Arabic Plotinus. A Philosophical Study of the Theology of Aristotle" Duckworth 2002

20 Thomas de Aquino, "Super librum De causis expositio" SociétéPhilosophique 1954

21 Anne-Druart, T., "Studies in Thomistic Theology, Houston" Center for Thomistic Studies, University of St. Thomas 175-205, 1996

22 Flynn, J. G., "St. Thomas and Averroes on the Knowledge of God" 18 : 19-32, 1978

23 Thomas de Aquino, "Sancti Thomae de Aquino Opera omnia iussu Leonis XIII P.M. edita, t.24/2" Cerf 2000

24 Thomas de Aquino, "Sancti Thomae de Aquino Opera omnia iussu Leonis XIII P.M. edita, t.24/1" Cerf 1996

25 Elders, L. J., "Saint Thomas d’Aquin et la métaphysique du Liber de causis" 89 : 427-442, 1989

26 Pera, C, "S. Thomae Aquinatis in librum De causis expositio" Marietti 1955

27 Imbach, R., "Quelques observations sur la réception du livre XII de la Métaphysique chez Thomas d’Aquin" 99 (99): 377-407, 2015

28 Endress, G, "Proclus Arabus. Zwanzig Abschnitte aus der Institutio Theologica in arabischer Übersetzung" Franz Steiner 1973

29 Janssens, J., "Problems in Arabic Philosophy" The Avicenna Institute of Middle Eastern Studies 37-49, 2003

30 Courcelle, P., "Platonismus in der Philosophie des Mittelalters" WBG 73-108, 1969

31 Honnefelder, L., "Philosophie im Mittelalter. Entwicklungslinien und Paradigmen" Meiner 165-186, 1987

32 Thomas de Aquino, "Opera omnia iussu Leonis XIII P.M. edita, t.47" Sancta Sabina 1969

33 Thomas de Aquino, "Opera omnia iussu Leonis XIII P.M. edita, t.4" Typographia poliglotta S. C. de Propaganda Fide 1888

34 Albertus Magnus, "Opera Omnia, XVII/2" Aschendorff 1993

35 Zimmermann, A., "Ontologie oder Metaphysik? Die diskussion über den Gegenstand der Metaphysik im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert. Texte und Untersuchungen" Peeters 1998

36 Aertsen, J. A, "Nature and Creature. Thomas Aquinas’s Way of Thought" Brill 1988

37 Bächli-Hinz, A., "Monotheismus und neuplatonische Philosophie. Eine Untersuchung zum pseudo-aristotelischen Liber de causis und dessen Rezeption durch Albert den Großen" Academia 178-206, 2004

38 Grabmann, M, "Mittelalterliches Geistesleben. Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Scholastik und Mystik Bd.I" Nachdruck Hildesheim 266-313, 1984

39 Speer, A., "Metaphysik und Religion. Zur Signatur des spätantiken Denkens" Saur 649-672, 2002

40 Speer, A., "Metaphysics in the Twelfth Century. On the Relationship among Philosophy, Science and Theology" Brepols 17-40, 2004

41 Marenbon, J., "Medieval Philosophy" Oxford University Press 11-28, 1998

42 Schulthess, P., "Logik und Theologie. Das Organon im arabischen und im lateinischen Mittelalter" Brill 331-373, 2005

43 Anonymus, "Liber de cau sis. Das Buch von den Ursachen. Mit einer Einleitung von Rolf Schönberger. Übersetzung, Glossar, Anmerkungen und Verzeichnisse von Andreas Schönfeld"

44 Decossas, B., "Les exigences de la causalité créatrice selon l’Expositio in Librum de causis de Thomas d’Aquin" 94 : 241-272, 1994

45 Litt, T, "Les corps celestes dans l’univers de saint Thomas d’Aquin" Publications universitaires/Beatrice-Nauwelaerts 1963

46 Janssens, J., "Le Dānesh-Nāmeh d’Ibn Sīnā. Un texte à revoir" 28 : 163-177, 1986

47 Thomas de Aquino, "Kommentar zur Nikomachischen Ethik, Herausgegeben, Übersetzt und eingeleitet von Matthias Perkams" Herder 2014

48 Thomas de Aquino, "Kommentar zur Metaphysik des Aristoteles. Übersetzt und eingeleitet von Ruedi Imbach" Herder 2021

49 Thomas de Aquino, "Kommentar zum Trinitätstraktat des Boethius II. Übersetzt und eingeleitet von Peter Hoffmann in Verbindung mit Hermann Schrödter" Herder 2007

50 Thomas de Aquino, "Kommentar zum Buch von den Ursachen, Übersetzt, eingeleitet und mit Anmerkungen versehen von Jakob Georg Heller" Herder 2017

51 Thomas de Aquino, "In libros Aristotelis De caelo et mundo expositio, iussu Leonis XIII P.M. edita, t.3" Typographia poliglotta S. C. de Propaganda Fide 1886

52 Thomas de Aquino, "In duodecim libros Metaphysicorum Aristotelis expositio" Marietti 1964

53 Pieper, J, "Hinführung zu Thomas von Aquin. Zwölf Vorlesungen" Kösel 1963

54 Lafleur, C., "Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie. Die Philosophie des Mittelalters. Band 4" Schwabe 301-310, 2017

55 Jenkins, J., "Expositions of the Text : Aquinas’s Aristotelian Commentaries" 5 : 36-62, 1996

56 Kobusch, T., "Die Metaphysik und das Gute. Aufsätze zu ihrem Verhältnis in Antike und Mittelalter" Peeters 28-56, 1999

57 Perkams, M, "Die Kunst der philosophischen Exegese bei den spätantiken Platon- und Aristoteles-Kommentatoren" De Gruyter 45-68, 2018

58 Thomas de Aquino, "Commentary on the Book of Causes" The Catholic University of America Press 1996

59 D'Ancona Costa, C., "C. D’Ancona Costa, Recherches sur le Liber de causis" Vrin 195-228, 1995

60 Gibson, M, "Boethius. His Life, Thought and Influence" Blackwell 1981

61 McInerny, R. M, "Boethius and Aquinas" CUA Press 1991

62 Gutas, D, "Avicenna and the aristotelian Tradition, introduction to reading Avicenna's philosophical works" Brill 1988

63 Belo, C., "Averroes on God's Knowledge of Particulars" 17 (17): 177-199, 2006

64 Elders, L. J, "Autour de saint Thomas d’Aquin: recueil d’´etudes sur sa pensée philosophique et théologique, vol.1, Les commentaires sur les oeuvres d’Aristote" FAC 1987

65 Braakhuis, H.A.G, "Aristotle’s Peri hermeneias in the Latin Middle Ages. Essays on the Commentary Tradition" Brepols 2003

66 Emery, G, "Aristotle in Aquinas's Theology" Oxford University Press 2015

67 Ebbesen, S., "Aristotle Transformed. The ancient Commentators and their Influence" Duckworth 373-391, 1990

68 Averroes, "Aristotelis Metaphysicorum libri XIII cum Averrois Cordubensis in eosdem commentariis et epitome" Venetiis apud Iunctas 1562

69 te Velde, R. A., "Aquinas’s Aristotelian Science of Metaphysics and Its Revised Platonism" 13 : 743-764, 2015

70 Doig, J. C, "Aquinas’ Philosophical Commentary on the Ethics. A Historical Perspective" Springer 2001

71 Dauphinais, M, "Aquinas the Augustinian" CUA Press 2007

72 Cory, T. S., "Appropriation, Interpretation and Criticism: Philosophical and Theological Exchanges between the Arabic, Hebrew and Latin intellectual Traditions" Brepols 193-212, 2017

73 Butterworth, C.E, "Alfarabi. The Political Writings. Selected Aphorisms and Other Texts" Cornwell 2015