외국인 이주노동자에 대한 러시아의 이민정책 = Immigration Policy toward Foreign Migrant Workers in Russia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The goal of this study is to examine the formation of a Russian immigration policy, together with social integration and discrimination against foreign workers in Russia. Russian migration policy was considerably liberal in the early 1990s, but it tends to be more restrictive as immigration regulation was revising and the quota system for work permits set in motion in the early 2000s. Especially, the struggle for control of interests among governmental organizations, coupled with xenophobia and ethnic nationalism among Russians against foreigners make its immigration policy repressive. As the neoclassical political economy by Gary P. Freeman argues, the client politics played an important role in the formation of Russian immigration policy, as was seen in the organized activities of the anti-immigration organizations or the extremist movements. The client politics was also observed in the struggle over control of power and resources between the Federal Migration Service (FMS) and a law enforcement agency under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. However, contrary to the prediction of Dr. Freeman that migration policy is going to be expansive and inclusive, the policy in Russia is rather restrictive and repressive at least so far, although it incorporated the most of its immigration policy from Western Europe. This study implies that a comprehensive theoretical model is required in the future for a simultaneous explanation of liberal and restrictive migration policies characterized in Russia and Western Europe respectively.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 International Organization for Migration (IOM),

2 이혜경, "한국 이민정책의 수렴현상: 확대와 포섭의 방향으로" 한국사회학회 42 (42): 104-137, 2008

3 "출입국 외국인 정책본부"

4 "중앙일보"

5 정재원, "세계화 맥락에서의 러시아 노동이주" 아태지역연구센터 33 (33): 131-155, 2010

6 Kogai, Victoria, "러시아, 외국인 노동자 고용쿼터 증가"

7 남혜경, "고려인 인구 이동과 경제환경" 집문당 2005

8 "Федеральная служба государственной статистики"

9 "Федеральная служба государственной статистики"

10 "ФМС: квота для трудовых мигрантов из-за рубежа - 2 миллиона человек, в три раза меньше, чем в 2007 году"

11 Зайончковская, Жанна, не дата, "Трудовая миграция в Россию"

12 Айвазян, Сима, "Сочи-2014: мечта строителя"

13 РУДЕНКО, Светлана, "Подите прочь, негражданин! Обмен паспортов: гражданство миллионов россиян под угрозой"

14 Кожевникова, Галина, "Под знаком политического террора. Радикальный национализм в Россиии противодействие ему в 2009 году"

15 СТЕШИН, Дмитрий, "Первые итоги погрома в Кондопоге: Ресторан «Чайка» станет спортзало м, а рынок снесут"

16 Савина, Екатерина, "Нетерпение и труд // “Молодая гвардия"

17 "Московского инспектора миграционной службы поймали на взятке"

18 Федеральная, не дата, "Квоты на выдачу разрешений на работу в 2008 исчерпаны на 50 процентов"

19 Центр “СОВА”, "Кавказские погромы в Кондопоге"

20 Кузьмин, Владимир, "Журавлевы возвращаются: Владимир Путин своим указом облегчает возв ращение соотечественников в Россию"

21 Федеральная миграционная служба России, "Доклад о результатах и основных направлениях деятельности Федеральной миграционной службы на 2008–2010 годы"

22 Коленникова, Ольга А, "Деформация трудовой деятельности работников милиции как факторослабления безопасности населения. вторефератдиссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата экономических наук"

23 Бондарь, Ольга, Игорь Лесовских, Иван Тяжлов, "Гастарбайтеры идут на антикризисные меры:В Екатеринбурге бастуют строители из Таджикистана"

24 "В России создают первый профсоюз гастарбайтеров. Эксперты: таджикам и киргизам он не поможет"

25 "http://www.refugee.ru/"

26 "http://refugees.memo.ru/homesite.nsf"

27 IOM, "World Migration 2003: Managing Migration - Challenges and Responses for People on the Move"

28 Andrienko, Yuri, "Understanding Migration in Russia" CEFIR 2005

29 Boswell, Christina, "Theorizing Migration Policy: Is There a Third Way" 41 (41): 75-100, 2007

30 Zhukava, Nadzeya, "The Russian Federation: New Immigration Pole in Eurasia" European University Institute

31 Facchini, Giovanni, "The Political Economy of Immigration Policy"

32 Russian Visa Services, "The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation 'On Streamlining State Management in the Sphere of Migration Policy'"

33 INDEM, "Scope, trends and perspectives of immigration, instruments of legal and social adaptation of migrants"

34 locate Magazine, "Russian immigration explained (part two)"

35 Ria Novosti, "Russia's upper house tightens control over foreign workers"

36 Workpermit.com, "Russia to issue 1.8 million work permits in 2008"

37 International Labour Organization (ILO), "Russia needs migrant workers to support economic growth"

38 Pain, Emil, "Russia and the Muslim World: Specifics of Integration of Islamic Population in Russian Society"

39 British Embassy Moscow, "Russia Visa Application Form"

40 International Labour Organization (ILO), "Preventing forced labour exploitation and promoting good labour practices in the Russian construction industry"

41 Voronina, Natalia, "Outlook on Migration Policy Reform in Russia: Contemporary Challenges and Political Paradoxes, in Migration Perspectives: Eastern Europe and Central Asia" Vienna, Austria: International Organization for Migration (IOM) 71-90-90, 2006

42 World Bank, "Outlook for Remittance Flows 2008-2010: Growth Expected to Moderate Significantly, But Flows Remain Resilient"

43 Schenk, Caress, "Open Borders, Closed Minds: Russia’s Changing Migration Policies—Liberalization or Xenophobia"

44 Freeman, Gary P, "Modes of Immigration Politics in Liberal Democratic States" 29 (29): 881-902, 1995

45 World Bank, "Migration and Remittances Factbook 2008"

46 Russia Today, "Interview with Elena Tyuryukanova"

47 Rybakovsky, Leonid, "International Migration in the Russian Federation"

48 Cohen, Ariel, "Domestic Factors Driving Russia/s Foreign Policy" Heritage Foundation

49 Hampshire, James, "Disembedding Liberalism? Immigration Politics and Security in Britain since 9/11, in Immigration Policy and Security: U.S" N.Y.: Routledge 109-129-129, 2009

50 Rahmonova-Schwarz, Delia, "Destination Russia: Migration Policy Reform and Reality"

51 United Nations Development Programme, "Demographic Policy in Russia: From Reflection to Action"

52 Cornelius, Wayne A, "Controlling Immigration: The Limits of Government Intervention, In Controlling Immigration: Global Perspective, eds. Wayne A. Cornelius et al" Stanford University Press 2004

53 Brubaker, Rogers, "Comments on “Modes of Immigration Politics in Liberal Democratic States" 29 (29): 903-908, 1995

54 Human Rights Watch, "Are You Happy to Cheat Us?: Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in Russia" 2009