Stretchable Conductors and Gas Sensors Fabricated by the Dip Coating Method

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this work, we developed a facile dip coating approach to fabricate stretchable conductors based on polyaniline (PANI), nitrilebutadiene rubber (NBR) and stretchable gas sensors based on silver nanowires (AgNWs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polyurethane (PU). PANI was synthesized by simple chemical method; AgNWs were prepared by a normal polyol method; rGO was prepared by an improved method. The stretchable conductors and gas sensors were fabricated by immersing NBR into PANI solution and PU into AgNWs@rGO solution, respectively. Stretchable conductors showed a high elongation at break of 250% even after 7 cycles of immersion and relatively small strain-dependent resistance change (190% at a 210% strain). The stretchable gas sensors exhibit good sensitivity and stability towards oxidizing gas NO2 under bend and 30%, 40%, 60% strain. For reducing gases ethanol and acetone, the gas sensors also showed obvious response.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• List of figures iv
• Abbreviation vii
• Chapter 1. General Background 1
• 1.1. Introduction 1
• 1.2. Strategies to fabricate stretchable electronic devices 1
• 1.2.1. The strategy of “structures that stretch” 2
• 1.2.2. The strategy of “materials that stretch” 5
• 1.3. Materials for stretchable electronic devices 8
• 1.3.1. Elastomers 8
• 1.3.2. Active materials 9
• 1.3.2.1. Carbon nanomaterials 10
• 1.3.2.2. Conductive polymers 11
• 1.3.2.3. Metal nanostructures 12
• 1.3.2.4. Inorganic semiconductors 13
• 1.4. Motivation 15
• 1.5. References 17
• Chapter 2. Highly stretchable conductive composite materials based on elastomer/polyaniline 23
• 2.1. Introduction 23
• 2.2. Experimental details 25
• 2.2.1. Materials. 25
• 2.2.2. Synthesis of PANI/TSA. 26
• 2.2.3. Preparation of elastomer/PANI composites. 26
• 2.2.4. Characterization and measurement. 26
• 2.3. Results and discussion 27
• 2.3.1. Synthesis of elastomer/PANI composites. 27
• 2.3.2. Morphological analysis. 32
• 2.3.3. FT-IR analysis. 34
• 2.3.4. Electrical and mechanical properties. 36
• 2.4. Conclusions 44
• 2.5. References 45
• Chapter 3. A stretchable gas sensor using polyurethane sponges with rGO/AgNWs hybrid 50
• 3.1. Introduction 50
• 3.2. Experimental details 52
• 3.2.1. Materials. 52
• 3.2.2. Synthesis of Silver Nanowires (AgNWs). 53
• 3.2.3. Preparation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). 53
• 3.2.4. Fabrication of rGO/AgNWs/PU composite sponges sensor. 54
• 3.2.5. Material characterization. 55
• 3.3. Results and discussion 56
• 3.3.1. Preparation of rGO/AgNWs/PU composite sponges 56
• 3.3.2. Morphological and elemental analysis 60
• 3.3.3. Gas sensing performance 66
• 3.4. Conclusions 71
• 3.5. References 72
• Chapter 4. General conclusions 79
• AKNOWLEDGEMENTS 81