미국 환경보호청(EPA)의 이산화탄소 지중저장 규칙과 그 시사점 = Underground Injection Control(UIC) Program Class Ⅵ Rule of EPA and Its Implications

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The process of carbon dioxide capture and storage(afterwards `CCS`) is composed of a series of life cycle such as capture, transportation and storage. In particular, the importance of CCS as a real alternative to reduce greenhouse gas is increased. South Korean government confirmed 37 percent long-term reduction target (851 million tons : bau) until 2030 in June 2015. It is predicted CCS will cover 14 percent of amount of carbon dioxide emissions reductions throughout the world up to 50 years.38) CCS is intrigued to cope with greenhouse gas emission reduction and climate change response. Waste Management Law Enforcement Act specifies CCS for Wastes at Work Regulations Appendix 4 classification number 51 - 36 - 01 (Article 2 of the two related) of CO₂ stream out of current Law and Enforcement Act. There are some controversies over whether carbon dioxide is waste or not. We can see that it is under responsibilities of the Ministry of the Environment because waste management is work under jurisdiction of the Ministry of Environment by Waste Management Law. Anyway, it is required to prepare for legal procedures to coordinate activities from the first phase of business for scientific activities of these legal procedures to organize the delivery of fact finding and measures. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) added a new class, or ‘class Ⅵ pipeline` in existing ‘underground injection for the protection of drinking water regulatory program (UIC program)` and managed the whole process of carbon dioxide underground storage. Land owner of underground injection or its implementer shall report all kinds of information encompassing position of injection well, installation of injection well, operation of injection well, monitoring, site management after injection, emergency measures in case of leakage in order to protect land owner of underground injection or its implementer. The most important principles of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations is to inject CO₂ safely and minimize the environmental impact by inserted carbon dioxide, especially minimize impact to groundwater quality of available drinking water. Additionally, carbon dioxide injection before the injection, and thereafter in order to assess the effectiveness of security and storage that extends for each stage after injection and geochemical and geophysical monitors in surrounding terrain. In this paper, the writer investigates into the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and then examine a bird`s-eye view of the underground injection control rule (UIC Class Ⅵ Rule) of carbon dioxide storage in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and then finally legal framework for carbon dioxide underground storage(CCS) and the importance of public understanding for this in Korea in order to know U.S. underground injection control regulations (UIC Class Ⅵ Rule) and its implications.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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5 "https://www.epa.gov/uic/class-vi-wells-used-geologic-sequestration-co2#wel_def"

6 "https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-safe-drinking-water-act"

7 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_Drinking_Water_Act#1974_Act"

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9 Kimm, V. J., "The safe drinking water act: The first 10 years" 106 (106): 2014

10 Roberson, J. A., "The middle-aged safe drinking water act" 106 (106): 2014

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12 "Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act. Pub.L.; 124 Stat. 4131"

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14 United States, "Energy Policy Act of 2005" Hydraulic Fracturing

15 Styring, Peter, "Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Closing the Carbon Cycle" Elsevier 2015