심포지엄 한국미의 심층 구조 : 한국음악미의 수리적 조화의 원칙 = Mathematical Principle of natural beauty in Korean Traditional Music

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, I examined the golden section and Fibonacci number series in jangdan(rhythmic pattern) of Korean traditional music such as Yeongsanhoesang, Gagok, Sijo. The golden section and Fibonacci number series in western music, architecture and fine arts was already researched. It has often been explained that the golden rule exists in the growth of organism, especially in the existing adjacent and new forms. The combination of the two opposites such as sun and moon, man and woman, positive and negative roles of electric currents, yin and yang has been an important concept of myth and mysticism. The two parts in golden section are not the same. Synergy refers to combination and action, not to the opposites. The general process of formal creation is called the opposite energy, it is so called the dinergy. In Daisy, This opposite energy is a creative energy for the growth of organism. The atmosphere of the sunflower is the same as the daisy flower. The numbers of the adjacent existing form and the new one are so-called the numbers of the summation series. Each numbers of the summation series are the total of the two preceding numbers. That is, such as 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, etc. This is the Fibonacci number series. Whatever number divided by the preceding number of the series is close to 0.618. In Sangyeongsan(上靈山), Jungryeongsan(中靈山), Seryeongsan(細靈山) and Garakdeori(加樂除只) among the pieces of Yeongsanhoesang, one jangdan(長短, rhythmic pattern) are consisted of 20 or 10 beats. One jangdan with 20 beats are played into 6:4:4:6 beats. It can be diminished into 3:2:2:3 beats. This rate shows 3(2:1):2 and its multiple, 6:4. It also shows that 6+4 and 4+6, 3+2 and 2+3 form of symmetric structure, which are similar to a golden section, that is, 2÷3=0.6666 which are close to 0.618. Sangyeongsan is played in M.M ♩=30 and Seryeongsan in M.M ♩=45. Gagok(歌曲) is played by male or female voices and alternatively sung with an Ensemble accompaniment. The music dates back to the 10th century and further from the related literature, which, however, it is not testified throughout the old musical notation. According to the old notations, Sakdaeyeop as presently sung dates back to the early 18th century. Jangdan for Gagok consists of 8(3+5(3+2)) : 8(3+5(3+2)) beats, in total, 16 beats. Sijo(時調, short lyric song) has been sung by the scholar or aristocrats and the elderly. It is classified into Pyeong-sijo, Jireum-sijo, and Saseol-sijo. One jangdan of Pyeong-sijo is consisted of 5, 8, 8, 5, 8 beats, that is, 13(5+8)+21(8+5+8)=34, which conforms to Fibonacci number series. The words Maeami maepda ulgo is set to 13 beats, SSeureurami Sseuda uni reaches the 21st beat. Korean scholar or aristocrats, they may have applied the golden section and Fibonacci number series to their and music enjoyed such as jeongak(正樂, art music), sijo(時調, short lyric song) and folksongs, thinking of the proportion in nature like flower and tree. More research are needed on this subject.