1920년대 소련 극동지역 한인 이주민 사회에 대한 연구 = Soviet Koreans on the Far East in 20th Years of XX century

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The subject of given article are Soviet Korean on the Far East in 20th years of XX century. In the given work we have considered those objective factors, under which cumulative influence there was a formation of korean community on Russian Far East, it’s basic demographic and social characteristics, economic and a legal status of Korean of Far East region.
The objective factors of a community concern, first, a political and economic situation in Korea, caused emigration of its inhabitants, which great bulk peasants, second, made natural-geographic and climatic conditions of Far East region, which appeared more suitable for Korean, in the third, their traditional economic style of life which they have brought with themselves on the new native land, and at last, fourthly, the attitude to them Russian, and then the Soviet authorities determining a ground polity on which the condition and development of the Korean facilities directly depended. Development of the korean community was affected also with such factors, as the Korean national-liberation movement and, as its component-the Korean guerrilla movement, and also a national polity of the Soviet Union.
One demography from features Far East Korean that their migration to the Far East autocratic and not scheduled, did not stop up to the moment of their deportation to Central Asia and Kazakhstan in 1937. It was connected to loss of statehood of independence by Korea, the close neighbourhood of Russia, etc. As a result of a combination of these two factors the number Korean at Far East has increased in 2,2 times since 1917 till 1937,and the average annual gain of Korean made 5~6 thousand people.
Koreans of the Far East, who strongly based on new places actively aspired to proceed in Russian citizenship’cause its purchase was the important factor for a stable legal status and high-grade economic life. In the Russian territory, as a rule, Korean had no rights to participation in elections and reception the ground for rent. With the beginning of 1930th years, in connection with aspiration of the Soviet government to involve Korean in collectivization, the majority of them has received the Soviet citizenship.
In given article the question of land management as it is very important for the characteristic of life of the korean community in 20~30 years is analyzed.
With the greatest economic difficulties connected, mainly, with lack of land, the Korean population of the Far East has faced in the first years after the end of Civil war. In the first years after the end of Civil war the local administration has arranged to the sanction of a question of Korean land management. The main actions were the following: first, tap of the ground for Korean in a place of their actual residing, second, their resettlement from frontier areas of Primorski Krai in other areas DVK where there were undeveloped state grounds. Together with realization of continuous collectivization the question of land management of landless Korean in DVK has conceded the place to a question of the organization and activity of collective farms among the Korean population.