Word-of-mouth(WOM) is an important element in success or failure of product or service. Especially, word-of-mouth of a newly-released film is critical element in good box office, because it is short in life cycle and experience goods of single round. ...
Word-of-mouth(WOM) is an important element in success or failure of product or service. Especially, word-of-mouth of a newly-released film is critical element in good box office, because it is short in life cycle and experience goods of single round. However, we knew effects of WOM but don't know its psychological mechanism well yet. Therefore, this study investigate attitude change toward a film according to cognitive need for closure(NFC) that is studied as a important variable in decision-making process, when there is a discrepancy between an individual's attitude and other's attitude. In addition, enjoying a film is a popular kind of leisure activities, and people like different leisure activities with individual's different interesting. So, this study investigated how attitude of inferred majority have an influence an individual's attitude change according to NFC with involvement.
In order to accomplish the purpose, this study conducted experiment with 215 student subject. The experiment process of the study as follows. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, participants' initial attitudes were measured on four films that have been in run at the time the study was conducted after they read synopses and saw trailers of films. But most part of participants didn't know the film almost. In addition, participants' willingness to consider their classmates' attitudes, emphasis on one's own opinions, and involvement were measured. In the second phase, the participants made an answer to questions of NFC firstly, were informed about fake and manipulated majority attitude based on the first phase, and were assessed on attitudes of the films again. Among the four films, two films were marked with the fake majority attitude approximately 1.5 standard deviation lower than the real average attitude and two films were marked with the fake majority attitude approximately 1.5 standard deviation higher than the real average attitude.
The result as follows. Firstly, if there is discrepancy between majority attitudes and one's own attitude toward a film, most part of participants' initial attitudes changed with majority attitudes. This result is something identified through previous studies in the many fields. Second, this attitude change is explained by NFC. In other words, people with low NFC changed much more than people with high NFC.
This study has several implications. Theoretically, many studies conducted how NFC served as moderator in a contingency. However, in lacking of studies about influence of inferred majority, this study established that NFC serve as an explanatory variable in case that inferred fake majority change an individual's attitude. Second, this study enhanced the understanding on how unspecified majority attitudes is accepted a consumer in WOM communication.
They know that long run of a film depends on WOM at the time of release. On this situation, this study found psychological mechanism of WOM importance in film industry. In addition, the study has implication of orientation that a film marketer need to communicate to consumer of what characteristics. People with low NFC in trait might be centered on primary WOM communication. In addition, other researchers conceptualize NFC in state. This means that a certain situation make higher or lower NFC regardless of that as trait. For example, people have experience with high NFC in situation of time pressure or fatigue. Therefore, in film marketing communication in order to enhancing evaluation and viewing more positively, intentional manipulation of NFC might amplify effects of WOM.
This study has several limitation. First, university students was only participants of the study, so this give the limitation in interpretation. Second, this study ignored that NFC might conceptualize as a state variable. Third is acontextual. Fourth, like netizen, further study need to explore other kind of majority.