Conservation, Use and Research Status of Medicinal Plants in Mongolia

국문 초록 (Abstract)

몽골에는 약 845종의 약용식물 중 200여 종이 전통의학 및 현
대의학에서 사용되고 있으며 그 중에서도 100종 정도가 폭넓게
사용되고 있다. 국가적으로는 10여개의 연구소에서 약용식물에
관한 연구를 수행 하고 있으며 주로 많이 사용되고 있는 약용식물
은 RANUNCULACEAE, FABACEAE, ELAEAGNACEAE,
UMBELLIFERAE, ASTERACEAE(=COMPOSITAE), CARYOPHYLLACEAE
등이다. 몽골 식물·농업 및 기술연구소를 포
함한 국가기관에 보존되고 있는 약용식물은 43과 64속 72종인데
그 중에서 감초를 포함하는 콩과가 가장 많다. 지난 20여 년간 재배기술 등 생물학적인 분야에 대한 연구가 수행되어 Adonis mongolica Sim, Glysyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Hippophae rhamnoides L, Thlaspi arvense L, Sophora alopecuroides L, and Elaeagnus
moorcroftii Wall. ex Schltr. 등 약용식물이 개발되었고
Aconitum kusnezoffii, Acorus calamus, Adonis mongolica, Angelica
dahurica, Cistanche deserticola, Elaeagnus moorcroftii, Glycyrrhiza
uralensis, Sophora flavescens, Hippophae rhamnoides,
Thlaspi arvense 등이 주요 약용식물 이었다. 용도로는 해열치료와
관련된 약용식물이 가장 많았고, 그 다음이 부기를 치료하는 것이
었으며, 감기, 상처, 기침 및 간 치료 등이 그 다음을 이루었다. 약
용식물 중 Saposhnikovia divaricata, Berberis sibrica, Thlapsi
arvense, 등은 류마티즘, 관절염 치료에 Polygonatum odoratum,
Polygonatum sibiricum, Uritica cannabina는 당뇨 치료에 Scutellaria
baicalensis, Rosa acicularis 및 Polygonatum sibiricum 는 고혈압
치료에 사용되고 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The plant is one of the essential component of human and animal food. At present, out of
845 medicinal plants, 200 species were utilized for preparation of traditional and modern drugs in Mongolia,
but only about 100 medicinal plants have widely used. Along the country, a total of 72 species of
medicinal plants from 64 genus in the 43 family were conserved as ex-situ condition at the government
research institute, including the Plant Science and Agricultural Research & Technology Institute
(PSARTI), Mongolian State University of Agriculture. Among the medicinal plants, the families
RANUNCULACEAE, FABACEAE, ELAEAGNACEAE, UMBELLIFERAE, ASTERACEAE, CARYOPHYLLACEAE
families are share large portion and the Fabaceae, which includes Glycyrrhiza, has the
biggest collection as 7 species from the 5 genus in conserved germplasm. During last 20 years the biological
issues of cultivation technologies of 10 species including medicinal plants Adonis mongolica Sim,
Glysyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Hippophae rhamnoides L, Thlaspi arvense L, Sophora alopecuroides L, and
Elaeagnus moorcroftii were developed. Among the medicinal uses identified, 44 species of medicinal
plants were used to curing the fever following the dropsy (23), cold (18), wounds (17), cough and lives
(12). Finally, some medicinal plants such as Saposhnikovia divaricata, Berberis sibrica, Thlapsi arvense,
etc. are used in curing arthritis & rheumatism, Polygonatum odoratum and P. sibiricum, and Uritica cannabina
for diabetes and Scutellaria baicalensis, Rosa acicularis and Polygonatum sibiricum used in curing
hypertension with the other uses.

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