근로자 의사대표기제(VoiceMechanism)로서의 노동조합, 근로자참여에 대한 비교연구 = The Comparative Study on Labour Union, Employee Involvement as Employee Voice Mechanism Based on Voluntary Turnover

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 근로자의 자발적 이직률을 중심으로 노동조합과 근로자참여(Employee Involvement)를 근로자 의사대표기제(Voice Mechanism)란 측면에서 실증적으로 상호 비교하였다. 한국노총의 화학연맹 사업장과 금속연맹 사업장의 노조대표자들로부터 얻은 자료를 중심으로, 근로자의사대표기제로서 노동조합과 근로자참여의 효과성을 분석하고 두 기제가 상호 보완성을 가질 수 있는지에 대해 탐구했다. 근로자의 자발적 이직률을 중심으로 판단할 때 노동조합은 기존 이론(Freeman and Medoff의 Two Face Model)에서 예상한 것과는 달리, 한계적 유의수준에서 자발적 이직을 증가시키는 작용을 한 것으로 나타났고, 반면 근로자참여(EI)의 작용은 예상한 대로 나타나서, 근로자참여 활성도가 근로자의 자발적 이직을 유의하게 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 노동조합 조직률과 근로자참여 활성도 간의 상호작용 효과가 근로자의 이직을 유의하게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 이와 같은 결과가 나타나게 된 이유와 함의, 그리고 향후 제안 등을 다양하게 논의하였다. 무엇보다 불평중재기제로서의 노동조합의 효과성이 제대로 나타나지 않은 이유로서 과거와는 달리, 내부적 제도화의 미비, 급변하는 노동조합 환경, 갈수록 낮아지는 노동조합의 조직률과 위상 등으로 인해 노동조합의 힘이 다른 주체들에 비해 상대적으로 약화된 것에 기인할 수 있음을 지적했다. 또한 서구에서 발전한 노동조합이론(Freeman and Medoff, 1984)이 이런 현실적 복잡성을 반영하기에 다소 단순하여, 향후 이론적 보완이 필요함을 주장했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study comparatively analyzed labour union and EI(Employee Involvement) as employee voice mechanism focused on voluntary turnover. The data set responsed by union representatives which are located on Seoul and Kyungi Province and affiliated with Federation of Korean Trade Union(FKTU) was used in the empirical analysis. the results are as follows.EI made a negative impact on voluntary turnover, as expected. but labour union made a positive impact on voluntary turnover, although this impact was marginal, this result was contrary to basic theory like Freeman and Medoff(1984). In addition, we analyzed the interaction effects of labour union and EI on voluntary turnover to search for the possibility of complementarity and substitution. we found interaction effects between union density and EI on voluntary turnover was significantly negative.At last, we discussed the implication of these results with some limitations, above all, we proposed the reason why the labour union was appeared as raising voluntary turnover marginally might be not only due to institutional absence of internal voice procedure and environmental uncertainty surrounding unions which reflects specific contexts in korea but also due to the decay of union power which reflects the universal contexts.

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