This study shows the globalization of halal food by examining the discourse and practice of halal food in Korean society about the halal food industry which is attracting attention in the global market. The paper analyzes, through the lens of cultural...
This study shows the globalization of halal food by examining the discourse and practice of halal food in Korean society about the halal food industry which is attracting attention in the global market. The paper analyzes, through the lens of cultural geography, the religious and political debate that occurred in the process of withdrawing the plan for constructing Iksan Halal Complex. The paper examines the process of alliance and betrayal of actor networks in the case of Iksan Halal Complex through the four step translation process of the actor - network theory (Callon, 1986). First, MAFRA, a leading actor in the establishment of Iksan Halal Complex actor networks, has produced and disseminated discourse on the healthy halal food through the effective use of devices such as international food exhibitions and media reports. Secondly, conservative Christian groups who are extreme rightist organizations and one of the leading actors in stopping the Iksan Halal Complex plan, transformed the image of healthy halal foods to terrorism by aptly using prayer meetings, flyers, and signature campaigns. Halal rumors distributed in the process contain social discrimination and exclusion of Muslims in Korean society, reflecting the prevalence of xenophobia in Korean society.
The case of the creation and withdrawal of the Iksan Halal Complex shows that the bipartite mechanisms of food, religion, or economy and culture are mutually intertwined. Globalization is not single directional, but cross-cutting, multi-faceted and dynamic in the cultural context of the region. Halal food served as a catalyst for raising a series of cultural wars in Korean society around races and religions. Ultimately, the globalization of halal foods, while still trying to meet the demands of global markets, is still contextualized in the context of the Korean society. Although the conflict surrounding the halal food policy in Korea still has not overcome the difficult hurdles of discrimination and exclusion, new alliance embedded in the actor-network showed the possibility of creating a society of coexistence with Muslims and Halal food in Korea. Therefore, this study provides a clue for Korea to overcome the discrimination that defines the abhorrence in the multicultural society and take a reasonable attitude in the future.