전남지역 마한 제국의 사회 성격과 백제; 전남지역 마한 제국의 사회 성격과 백제 = Social Characteristics of the Mahan Statelets in the Jeonnam Region and Their Relationship with Baekje

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Jeonnam region, along with the Gyeonggi, Chungcheong and Jeonbuk regions, was the territory of the 54 Mahan statelets and was the last land to be annexed by the Baekje Kingdom, whose early development centered around the current Gangnam district of Seoul. In order to understand the social characteristics of the Mahan statelets and their relationship with Baekje, it is crucial to determine the precise annexation year of the Mahan statelets in the Jeonnam region to the Baekje kingdom. Although the predominant views date this event to be AD 369 in the 24th year of King Geunchogo, this year is not necessarily agreed upon among scholars and some estimate that the annexation was completed as late as around AD 530, during the early reign of King Seong. Because a temporal gap of approximately 150 years exists between the two conflicting views, the precise year for the completion of the annexation is of prime importance when we try to understand Mahan in the final stage of its existence. The author himself estimates this to be around AD 530. The Mahan statelets in the Jeonnam region developed from the chiefdom-level societies and under the influence of the Slender-Bronze-Dagger culture that spread to the dolmen society of the Bronze age. Around the third century AD, the chiefdom societies developed into allied polities led by great regional chiefs, retaining diplomatic relationship with China. These polities continued to grow in relation with Baekje and Wa until the early sixth century AD and eventually reached the level of ancient states. The Mahan statelets in the Jeonnam region developed in three sub-regions: the western coast region (the southwestern region of Jeonbuk and the western region of Jeonnam), the Yeongsan river region around Naju, and the southern coast region around the Goheung peninsula. These statelets were completely absorbed by Baekje around AD 530, prior to Baekje`s transfer of its capital to Sabi. The southern coast region was the first land to be conquered because they behaved in an uncooperative manner in the trade between Baekje and Wa. The statelet in the western coast (Bi-ri-byeok-jung-po-mi-ji-ban-go-sa-eup) surrendered at its will but under this mounting political pressure. The last land to be annexed was the Yeongsan river region. The Mahan statelets in the Yeongsan river region suffered a geographical isolation within the Yeongsan riverbank. The Kyushu region in Japan, which allied with the Yeongsan river region, witnessed the end of the Iwai revolt in AD 529 and was annexed to the Yamato regime. Mahan along the Yeongsan river opted for peaceful resolution, rather than military confrontation, to retain its vested rights. The silver diadem ornaments of Baekje, which were discovered in the Yeongsan river region and dated around the mid sixth century AD, reflect the socio-political atmosphere of this period.