어린이들의 충돌탐지능력 검증 = Children's Perceptual Capacity to Detect Collision Impact

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Two experiments investigated children’s perceptual capacity to detect potential collision impacts. Children from 4 to 12 years of age participated as observers in the study. In Experiment 1, displays depicted either a small car or a large truck approaching the observer against a road-scene background, producing a local perturbation in the visual field. In Experiment 2 displays depicted the observer’s own movement toward obstacles (a global perturbation of the visual field). Simulated approaches were created following the tau-dot hypothesis in which, when tau-dot ≥ -0.5, approaches result in safe stops without collision; but when tau-dot < -0.5, approaches result in collisions with impact. Predefined tau-dot values remained constant throughout each simulated approach. Results demonstrated that 4-6 year olds performed poorly compared with 7-12 year olds. Nevertheless, even the 4 year olds performed consistently with that predicted by the tau-dot hypothesis in Experiment 1 but their performance deteriorated to chance level in Experiment 2. Current child pedestrian safety education focuses on facilitating children’s abilities to cross streets safely by enhancing their sensitivity to optical variables specifying time-to-contact. This research supports developing children’s perceptual capacity to detect potential collision impact as part of these training programs.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

광흐름 속에 담긴 광학정보인 tau-dot은 -0.5라는 수치를 경계로 다가오는 물체와 ‘충돌(collision)’과 ‘멈춤(no collision)’의 두 범주로 분리되어, 물체와 관찰자 간의 충돌 여부를 명시한다. 본 연구는 tau-dot에 대한 민감성을 5～13세 아동들을 대상으로 검증해 보고자 시도되었다. 실험 1은 움직이는 차량이 정지한 관찰자를 향해 접근하는 상황을, 실험 2는 움직이는 관찰자가 정지된 물체를 향해 접근하는 상황을 묘사하였다. 양자선택과제로 실험은 진행되었으며, 참가자들은 다가오는 접근이 안전한 ‘멈춤’이 될 것인지, 아니면 위험한 ‘충돌’이 될 것인지 판단하였다. 실험 결과 학령 전(5～7세) 아동들의 민감성이 취학(8～13세) 아동들에 비해 낮았으며, 5세 아동들의 민감성은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 기존 교통안전교육은 도로 횡단에 필요한 기술로써 접촉시간 지각에 초점을 맞추어 왔다. 충돌여부의 민감성을 확인한 본 연구 결과에 근거했을 때, 충돌여부의 지각에 대한 교육을 병행한다면 어린이들의 교통안전을 더 향상시킬 수 있는 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

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