특유재산에 대한 재산분할 = Division of Separate Property

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The right to claim the division of property upon divorce was first introduced in the revised Civil Act on January 13, 1990, and more than 30 years have passed since then. The right to claim the division of property aims to allow the freedom of divorce to be enjoyed in practice by acknowledging the contributions of one spouse to the other’s separate property acquired during the marriage and guaranteeing the livelihood of the economically weaker spouse. However, after a considerable period of time since the system was implemented, the lower court’s general tendency to judge is to expand the scope of property subject to division by acknowledging the contribution to the separate property only by the fact of housework and easing the nature of the separate property from it if the marriage period is significant. The question arises whether this tendency to judge is rather contrary to the gender equality of marriage life pursued by our Constitution. In the case of separate property, it is natural that there is no contribution from the other spouse in its formation, so it should not be easily included in the object of property division unless there is a clear proof of the maintenance of the property.
Starting from these questions, this paper intends to discuss the validity of the division of property for separate property based on recent actual events.
For this discussion, we first reviewed academic perspective and legislation in other countries. As a result, we found that most major countries, regardless of whether they adopt a community or separate property system, produce almost the same results, excluding separate property from division. Accordingly, Korea could also benefit from implementing a two-step assessment procedure similar to these countries. First, it is essential to clearly delineate the scope of divisible property, or “community property,” excluding separate and distinct assets. For separate property to be considered part of the community property, there must be evidence of an economic contribution that goes beyond mere household labor from the other spouse. The burden of proof must amount to clear rebuttal that effectively shatters the presumption. Moving on to the division ratio, community property should generally be equally divided in determining the division ratio. If there are compelling reasons against equal division, the party arguing for an equitable division should bear the burden of proof. Additionally, if the value of separate property is significantly larger than that of community property, the division ratio may be adjusted to reflect the marriage duration and the degree of contribution from household labor. In cases where the community property comprises less than 10% of the value of the separate property despite a long marriage, the inclusion of separate property may be considered based on a supportive element, but this should be capped at a maximum of 50% of the net value of the separate property.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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