In modern society, advances in medical technology have shifted the place of death, leading to an increase in mortality occurring within healthcare institutions. This means that nurses are increasingly required to care for terminally ill patients not o...
In modern society, advances in medical technology have shifted the place of death, leading to an increase in mortality occurring within healthcare institutions. This means that nurses are increasingly required to care for terminally ill patients not only in specialized units but also across diverse clinical settings. Accordingly, the responsibilities of healthcare providers caring for terminally ill patients and their families have also increased. Exposure to terminal care across various settings, resulting from these changes, can cause nurses to experience issues such as stress or burnout.
Burnout has been studied across various professions, and in nursing, numerous studies have also examined on nurses’ burnout. However, the psychological burnout experienced by nurses providing terminal care may differ from that observed in other professions and from the job stress and related burnout of nurses in general clinical settings. This may stem from the unique nature of terminal care, differences in nurses’ individual characteristics, or variations in their professional groups and work environments. Despite these distinct differences in terminal care, the terminology and meanings related to nurses’ psychological burnout remain conflated in practice, with no clear differentiation based on these characteristics. Furthermore, it is necessary to identify the unique characteristics of psychological burnout among nurses providing terminal care, particularly given the lack of clear definitions regarding its concepts and attributes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of psychological burnout among nurses providing terminal care through conceptual analysis.
This study was conducted according to the eight-step conceptual analysis procedure suggested by Walker and Avant. Articles published in English or Korean between January 2014 and 2024 were reviewed in March 2024. A total of eight domestic and international search engines were used in the literature review. A total of 19 articles were finally selected for the analysis based on criteria.
As a result, five attributes, seven antecedent, and six consequences of the concept were identified. The attributes of psychological burnout among nurses providing terminal care were depletion of energy, emotional numbness, disengagement, sense of powerlessness, and emotional repression. These five attributes were categorized from the perspective of whether the subject’s resources or characteristics decreased or increased.
The antecedents and consequences were classified into personal and occupational dimensions. On the personal dimension, the antecedents identified were low resilience, low competence, and ethical dilemmas. In the occupational dimension, the antecedents included insufficient educational offering, an inadequate work setting, a lack of colleagues’ support, and work overload. Among the consequences on the personal dimension are poor quality of personal life and a negative attitude. On the occupational dimension, identified consequences were poor quality of terminal care, reduced work efficiency, decreased job satisfaction, and high turnover intentions.
In this study, we sought to identify the unique attributes of the concept of terminal care, reflecting its distinctive nature. Accordingly, this study identified attributes of psychological burnout among nurses providing terminal care that are distinct from those previous burnout research, and encompasses antecedents and consequences that more specifically describe the concept. The findings of this study can serve as evidence to guide the effective management of psychological burnout of nurses providing terminal care. Specifically, it would contribute to developing tools that more accurately measure psychological burnout among nurses providing terminal care and to establishing their validity. Furthermore, we anticipate its application across various nursing domains such as research, education, and intervention. Ultimately, it could serve as a foundation for improving the satisfaction of nurses engaged in terminal care, the patients they serve, and their families, while also enhancing the quality of terminal care.