한국어-러시아어 연어변의 의미투명성 판단기준에 대한 연구 = A Study on criteria for transparency of lexical meaning of collocate in Korean and Russian collocation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to provide objective criteria and tests for determining transparency of lexical meaning of collocate in Korean and Russian collocations. Previous studies on this subject have not provided clear-cut criteria for this matter, even though many scholars mentioned the importance of collocate in collocation.
Three tests were proposed to determine transparency of lexical meaning of collocate; (1) substitution test with synonyms or antonyms, (2) focus construction test, (3) co-occurrence test. If lexical meaning of a collocate is not transparent, that is, opaque, the combination of more than two lexical items including the given collocate is considered to be collocation.
First, if a collocate cannot be substituted with synonyms or antonyms to make a combination of two lexical items including the given collocate valid sentence, the lexical meaning of the collocate is considered to be opaque, and the combination is considered to be collocation (substitution test), e.g., дождь идёт/*приходит. Second, if a combination of two lexical items with a collocate can not be an answer to a focused question with that collocate, the combination is considered to be collocation (focus construction test), e.g. Что ты вёл вчера? *Я вёл дела. Third, if more than two bases can not be shared with one collocate in an answer to a focused question, they are considered to be collocations. On the other hand, if they can, they are free expressions (co-occurrence test), e.g., What did you wear yesterday? I wore red hat and blue jeans. ('wear hat', 'wear jeans' are both free expressions). The third test is language specific. Thus, the expressions for "wear hat, wear jeans' are both collocation in Korean, whereas they are free expressions in English, Russian and many other Indo-European languages.
The proposed three tests help differentiating collocations from free expressions and idioms by providing objective criteria for determining transparency of lexical meanings of collocates.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 송현배, "행위양식과 명사적 확장구의 의미론" 11 : 187-206, 2006

2 유승만, "한국어-러시아어 연어사전 편찬을 위한 기초 연구" 17 (17): 17-42, 2005

3 유승만, "한국어-러시아어 연어 사전에서 연어핵의 다의성의 문제" 21 (21): 1-25, 2006

4 임홍빈, "한국어 연어의 개념과 그 통사-의미적 성격" 39 : 279-311, 2002

5 이성헌, "전자사전에서의 기능동사 구문 처리 문제: 세종 체언 전자사전의 경우" 4 : 279-322, 2004

6 이성헌, "전자사전 구축을 위한 언어기술의 한 방법: 대상부류" 30 : 185-206, 2001

7 이성헌, "전자 사전 구축과 의미부류-세종 명사 의미부류 체계의 예" 5 : 103-138, 2005

8 Мельчук И.А., "Русский язык в модели <смысл-текст>. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach 39"

9 Cowie A.P., "The treatment of collocations and idioms in learner's dictionaries" 2 : 223-235, 1981

10 Benson Morton, "The BBI Dictionary of English Word Combinations. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamin"

11 Lewis M., "Teaching Collocation: Further Development in the Lexical Approach" Tomson 2000

12 Leech G.N., "Semantics" Penguin 1974

13 Mel'?uk I.A., "Semantic Description of Lexical Units in an Explanatory-Combinatorial Dictionary: Basic Principles and Heuristic Criteria" 1 (1): 165-188, 1988

14 Smadja F., "Retrieving Collocations from Text" 19 (19): 143-177, 1993

15 Cruse D.A., "Meaning in Language: an introduction to semantics and pragmatics" Oxford University Press 2000

16 Mel'?uk I.A., "Lexical functions: a tool for the description of lexical relations in a ?lexicon in : Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language Processing" John Benjamins 37-102, 1996

17 Cruse D.A., "Lexical Semantics" Cambridge University Press 1986

18 Wanner L., "Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language Processing" John Benjamins Publishing Company 1996

19 Sinclair J., "Corpus, Concordance, and Collocation" Oxford University Press 1991

20 Nesselhauf N., "Collocations in a Learner Corpus" John Benjamins 2005

21 Gledhill C.J., "Collocations in Science Writing. Gunter Narr Verlag T?ingen"

22 Mel'?uk I.A., "Collocations and Lexical Functions in : Phraseology: Theory, Analysis, and Applications" Oxford University Press 23-53, 1998

23 Gross G., "Classes d'objets et description des verbes" 115 : 15-30, 1994

24 홍재성, "21세기 세종 계획: 전자사전 개발" 국립국어원 2004

25 Gross G., ""Une s?antique nouvelle pour las traduction automatique: les classes d'objets", La tribune de l'Industrie de la Langue et l'Information ?ectronique 17-18-19. 16-19"