高麗時代開京과 西京의 風水地理와 違都論 = Geomantic Attributes of Kaekyõng and Sõkyõng during the Koryo dynasty and the Relocation of the Capital

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Three distinct geomantic attributes are considered when the practice of<br/>
geomancy is applied to a certain area: 1) Chuse: this term refers to the flow<br/>
of energy stemming from the main mountain standing in the background 2)<br/>
Kukse: term referring to the energy flowing from the geographical features of<br/>
the surrounding area 3) Suse: term referring to the energy flowing from a<br/>
stream of water. As such. while Kaekyong was regarded as providing better<br/>
Chuse and Kukse. Sokyong (presently‘ Pyongyang) was deemed superior in<br/>
terms of Suse. Therefore. it can be regarded that Kaekyong was morc suited<br/>
to function as the political and administrative center while Sδkyðng was<br/>
better equipped to function as the economic center or as the cultural capital.<br/>
Moves to relocate the capital to Sðkyong began from the time of the<br/>
regime of King Taecho at the beginning of the Koryo dynasty. The main<br/>
reason which was given for the need to relocate the capital was that the<br/>
Sudðk of Kaekyδng was deemed to be unacceptable. 1 am of the opinion that<br/>
the term Sudðk should be taken to mean the prevailing water conditions.<br/>
However. as no documents uncovered from the period following the early<br/>
stages of the Koryo dynasty mention the Sudδ， ik of Sδkyong. the main<br/>
reasons for wanting to relocate the capital to Sokyðng appear to mostly have<br/>
been political ones.<br/>
Another theoretical reason put forward for the relocation of the capital to<br/>
Sokyðng was that of the so-called ChlkisoewangsðJ. a term which was used<br/>
to indicate that the energy of the land in and around Kaekyðng had been<br/>
weakened. Given that the positive effects of Chuse. Kukse. and Suse are<br/>
known to be available for limited periods of time. this theory could easily<br/>
have been derived from geomancy. However. no proof has ever been found<br/>
that this notion of Chikisoewangsδi} was in any way attached to geomanticconcepts. Furthermore. as the logic for this Chikisoewangs61 was based on<br/>
political arguments. it has long been regarded as one of the characteristics of<br/>
TochamsδI (common term used to refer to prophecies about the future of<br/>
human life J.<br/>
It is not easy to separate geomancy from Tocham. Nevertheless. what is<br/>
clear is that the notion of Chikisoewangsδ， i1 was onc that stcmmcd from<br/>
geomancy. This notion of Chikisoewangsδ， J can be regarded as ha ving been an<br/>
example of Tocham when it was uscd for political reasons to attain political<br/>
goals or to impede the distribution of public goods. This usage of the notion<br/>
of Chikisoewangs，δi1 in order to secure political advantages became more<br/>
widespread during the middle of the Koryδ， dynasty, the period in which the<br/>
belief in the tenets of Tocham reached their zenith. This combination of a<br/>
purely geomantic notion with political power proves that geomancy played an<br/>
integral role in the achievement of political hegemony during the Koryo<br/>
dynasty.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
  
• Ⅱ. 開京과 西京의 風水地理的比較
  
• 1. 主勢
  
• 2. 局勢
  
• 3. 水勢
  
• Ⅲ. 高麗前期西京邊都論
  
• 1. 西京邊都論의 推移
  
• 2. 風水와 圖識
  
• Ⅳ. 맺음말
  
•