노인장기요양기관 종사자의 회복탄력성이 직무성과에 미치는 영향 : 사회적 지지와 자기 효능감의 매개효과 = The Effect of Resilience on Job Performance of Workers in Long-Term Care Institutions for the Elderly - Mediating effects of social support and self-efficacy -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현재 우리나라는 65세 이상 노인 인구가 전체 인구의 13.1%를 차지하며, 2060년에는 노인 인구가 총 인구의 40.1%까지 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 노인들의 요양서비스 필요성이 증가하고, 노인을 보호하는 인력이 부족한 상황에서 장기요양시설의 필요성 또한 대두되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 사회적 배경에 따라 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 회복탄력성이 직무성과에 미치는 영향을 사회적 지지와 자기 효능감의 매개효과를 중심으로 검증하는 것이다. 연구목적에 따른 연구 문제는 다음과 같이 설정하였다.
첫째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 회복탄력성이 직무성과에 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 회복탄력성은 자기 효능감과 사회적 지지에 영향을 미치는가? 셋째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 자기 효능감과 사회적 지지는 직무성과에 영향을 미치는가? 넷째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 자기 효능감과 사회적 지지는 회복탄력성과 직무성과 간에 매개역할을 하는가?연구의 대상은 서울, 경기도, 강원도 일부 지역에 거주하는 노인장기요양기관 종사자 500명이며 배경변인에 따른 차이와 변인 간의 영향 관계를 검증하기 위해 설문조사를 실시하였고, 그 결과를 SPSS 25.0과 AMOS 29.0 프로그램을 활용해 분석하였다.
연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 회복탄력성은 자기 효능감에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 회복탄력성은 사회적 지지에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 회복탄력성은 직무성과에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 자기 효능감은 직무성과에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 사회적 지지는 직무성과에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 자기 효능감과 사회적 지지는 회복탄력성과 직무성과 간에 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.
결과는 회복탄력성의 하위 요인인 내부요인과 외부요인은 각각 자기 효능감과 사회적 지지를 높이는 직접적인 변인으로 나타났다. 이때 계량적으로 내부요인의 경우 외부요인과 비교할 때 자기 효능감을 매개하여 직무성과에 영향을 미치는 강도가 높게 나타났으며, 외부요인의 경우 내부요인과 비교할 때 사회적 지지를 매개하여 직무성과에 미치는 강도가 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 참고하여, 노인장기요양시설 종사자의 회복탄력성과 자기 효능감, 사회적 지지를 높이기 위한 방안이 마련될 필요가 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 국문초록 ·······················································································································viii
• Ⅰ. 서론 ························································································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ························································································1
• 2. 연구 문제 ················································································································6
• 3. 조작적 정의 ············································································································7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ·····································································································12
• 1. 회복탄력성 ············································································································12
• 가. 회복탄력성의 개념과 정의 ··········································································12
• 나. 회복탄력성의 구성요소 ················································································15
• 다. 회복탄력성의 선행연구 ················································································17
• 2. 사회적 지지 ··········································································································20
• 가. 사회적 지지의 개념과 정의 ········································································20
• 나. 사회적 지지의 구성요소 ··············································································23
• 다. 사회적 지지의 선행연구 ··············································································26
• 3. 자기 효능감 ··········································································································28
• 가. 자기 효능감의 개념과 정의 ········································································28
• 나. 자기 효능감의 구성요소 ··············································································32
• 다. 자기 효능감의 선행연구 ··············································································35
• 4. 직무성과 ················································································································37
• 가. 직무성과의 개념과 정의 ··············································································37
• 나. 직무성과 관련 선행연구 ··············································································39
• 5. 회복 탄력성, 사회적 지지, 자기 효능감, 직무성과 관계 ···························40
• 가. 회복 탄력성과 사회적 지지 ········································································40
• 나. 회복탄력성과 자기 효능감 ··········································································42
• 다. 사회적 지지와 직무성과 ··············································································45
• 라. 자기 효능감와 직무성과 ··············································································46
• 마. 회복탄력성과 직무성과 ················································································48
• 바. 자기 효능감과 사회적 지지의 매개효과 ··················································50
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ··········································································································53
• 1. 연구모형 ················································································································53
• 2. 연구가설 ················································································································54
• 3. 연구대상과 자료수집 ··························································································55
• 4. 측정 도구 ··············································································································56
• 가. 회복탄력성 ······································································································56
• 나. 직무성과 ··········································································································57
• 다. 사회적 지지 ····································································································58
• 라. 자기 효능감 ····································································································59
• 5. 자료 분석 방법 ····································································································60
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 ··········································································································63
• 1. 조사대상자의 일반적 특성 ················································································63
• 2. 측정 도구 타당도 분석 ······················································································65
• 가. 회복탄력성에 대한 탐색적 요인분석 ························································65
• 나. 직무성과에 대한 탐색적 요인분석 ····························································67
• 다. 사회적 지지에 대한 탐색적 요인분석 ······················································69
• 라. 자기 효능감에 대한 탐색적 요인분석 ······················································71
• 3. 상관관계 분석 및 기술통계 분석 ····································································73
• 가. 상관관계 분석 ································································································73
• 나. 정규성 분석 결과 ··························································································78
• 4. 일반적 특성에 따른 변인 차이 검증 ······························································80
• 가. 성별에 따른 주요 변인별 평균 차이 ························································80
• 나. 연령대에 따른 주요 변인별 평균 차이 ····················································81
• 다. 직종에 따른 주요 변인별 평균 차이 ························································84
• 라. 근무 형태에 따른 주요 변인별 평균 차이 ··············································87
• 마. 경력에 따른 주요 변인별 평균 차이 ························································90
• 바. 학력에 따른 주요 변인별 평균 차이 ························································93
• 사. 급여에 따른 주요 변인별 평균 차이 ························································95
• 5. 측정도구의 확인적 요인분석 ············································································97
• 6. 연구모형의 검증 ································································································102
• 7. 연구가설의 검증 결과 ······················································································106
• Ⅴ. 결 론 ··················································································································107
• 1. 연구 결과 요약 및 논의 ··················································································107
• 가. 연구 결과 요약 ····························································································107
• 나. 연구 결과 논의 ····························································································109
• 2. 연구의 함의 ········································································································112
• 가. 이론적 함의 ··································································································112
• 나. 정책 및 실천적 함의 ··················································································113
• 3. 연구의 결론 및 제언 ························································································115
• 참고문헌 ···················································································································117
• Abstract ···················································································································131
• 부 록 ····················································································································134
• 표 목 차
• <표 Ⅱ-1> 선행연구를 통해 검토한 회복탄력성의 정의 ···································14
• <표 Ⅱ-2> 선행연구를 통해 검토한 회복 탄력성의 구성요소 ·························16
• <표 Ⅱ-3> 선행연구를 통해 검토한 사회적 지지의 정의 ·································22
• <표 Ⅱ-4> 선행연구를 통해 검토한 사회적 지지의 구성요소 ·························25
• <표 Ⅱ-5> 선행연구를 통해 검토한 자기 효능감의 정의 ·································31
• <표 Ⅱ-6> 선행연구를 통해 검토한 자기 효능감의 구성요소 ·························34
• <표 Ⅱ-7> 선행연구를 통해 검토한 직무성과의 정의 ·······································38
• <표 Ⅲ-1> 회복탄력성 척도의 하위요인 문항 ·····················································57
• <표 Ⅲ-2> 직무성과 척도의 하위요인 문항 ·························································57
• <표 Ⅲ-3> 사회적 지지 척도의 하위요인 문항 ···················································58
• <표 Ⅲ-4> 자기 효능감 척도의 하위요인 문항 ···················································59
• <표 Ⅲ-5> 자료 분석 방법 ·······················································································62
• <표 Ⅳ-1> 빈도 분석 결과 ·······················································································64
• <표 Ⅳ-2> 회복탄력성 요인분석 결과 ···································································66
• <표 Ⅳ-3> 직무성과 요인분석 결과 ·······································································68
• <표 Ⅳ-4> 사회적 지지 요인분석 결과 ·································································70
• <표 Ⅳ-5> 자기 효능감 요인분석 결과 ·································································72
• <표 Ⅳ-6> 상관분석 결과 ·························································································77
• <표 Ⅳ-7> 기술통계 분석 결과 ···············································································79
• <표 Ⅳ-8> 성별에 따른 주요 요인 평균 차이 ·····················································80
• <표 Ⅳ-9> 연령대에 따른 주요 요인 평균 차이 ·················································83
• <표 Ⅳ-10> 직종에 따른 주요 요인 평균 차이 ···················································86
• <표 Ⅳ-11> 근무 형태에 따른 주요 요인 평균 차이 ·········································89
• <표 Ⅳ-12> 경력에 따른 주요 요인 평균 차이 ···················································92
• <표 Ⅳ-13> 학력에 따른 주요 요인 평균 차이 ···················································94
• <표 Ⅳ-14> 급여 수준에 따른 주요 요인 평균 차이 ·········································96
• <표 Ⅳ-15> 확인적 요인분석 적합도 ·····································································98
• <표 Ⅳ-16> 확인적 요인분석 요인부하값 및 AVE, CR ··································100
• <표 Ⅳ-17> 주요 요인에 대한 요인 상관 ···························································101
• <표 Ⅳ-18> 구조방정식 모형 적합도 ···································································104
• <표 Ⅳ-19> 주요 경로 계수 ···················································································105
• <표 Ⅳ-20> 매개효과 분석 결과 ···········································································105
• <표 Ⅳ-21> 가설검증 결과 ·····················································································106
• 그 림 목 차
• [그림 Ⅲ-1] 연구모형 ··································································································53
• [그림 Ⅳ-1] 확인적 요인분석 결과모형 ··································································97
• [그림 Ⅳ-2] 구조방정식 모형 분석 결과 ······························································103