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    나치 독재의 환경정책과 1935년 제국자연보호법의 탄생 = Environmental Policy of the Nazi Dictatorship and National Conservation Law 1935

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    This paper has the main intention to reappraise critically the nature of the environmental policy of the Nazi dictatorship through the historical lens, observing the concrete process of the legislation and the proclamation of National Conservation Law 1935 before and after the Nazis regime.
    Chapter II examines the historical backgrounds of the transformation of the barbaric and violent Nazi dictatorship into the eco-friendly environmental dictatorship. In this process, especially the political failure of the Weimar Republic to legislate the proper nature protection laws played a great role. So most German conservationists hoped that a more authoritative regime should seize the political power and carry out the legislation of National Conservation Law forcefully. It can generally be called as the conservatization phenomena of German environmental culture sphere at the final phase of the Weimar Republic and for the first 3 years of the Nazi regime.
    Chapter III mainly illuminates some aspects of the so-called environmental Gleichschaltung for the eco-fascists to make a drastic reform at the nature conservation sphere immediately after the seizure of power. This reform strategic had both sides of integration and exclusion. On the one hand it attempted to integrate most of all German conservation movement organizations under the unitary eco-fascists flag, on the other hand it had excluded both the socialists leisure organizations and German jews from the environmental field. The latter proved that the environmental exclusion strategy had initially the antisemitic nature - a good example: Benno Wolf.
    Chapter IV shows that the new Nazi regime proclaimed many other legislations for the German nature conservation sequentially until the enactment of the National Conservation Law 1935. It also proved that the Nazi dictatorship had turned itself into making use of new tactics from the barbaric and violent rule to the cultural rule with the law apparatus. In this vein the National Conservation Law 1935 had a symbolic meaning for the will expression of the Nazi dictatorship to strongly intervene the state power into the nature protection field. So this enactment was highly praised by the environmental elites so that the national law had finally achieved the old social desire for the nature protection by the stronger state. But in spite of these appraisals the national law had still serious inner contradictions. According to chapter 1 paragraph 6, the national law should allow the army and the state to be able to use the nature and the wild land as they like. Also, it provided the legal safety device for the Nazi regime to exploit the nature environment for the land construction and the industry development and the war aims.
    Conclusively, the National Conservation Law 1935 played a important role as a legal safety to secure the political support from the German conservationists, and then the environment dictatorship could easily evolve itself further into the industry and development dictatorship and war dictatorship rightly on this strong green prop.
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    This paper has the main intention to reappraise critically the nature of the environmental policy of the Nazi dictatorship through the historical lens, observing the concrete process of the legislation and the proclamation of National Conservation Law...

    This paper has the main intention to reappraise critically the nature of the environmental policy of the Nazi dictatorship through the historical lens, observing the concrete process of the legislation and the proclamation of National Conservation Law 1935 before and after the Nazis regime.
    Chapter II examines the historical backgrounds of the transformation of the barbaric and violent Nazi dictatorship into the eco-friendly environmental dictatorship. In this process, especially the political failure of the Weimar Republic to legislate the proper nature protection laws played a great role. So most German conservationists hoped that a more authoritative regime should seize the political power and carry out the legislation of National Conservation Law forcefully. It can generally be called as the conservatization phenomena of German environmental culture sphere at the final phase of the Weimar Republic and for the first 3 years of the Nazi regime.
    Chapter III mainly illuminates some aspects of the so-called environmental Gleichschaltung for the eco-fascists to make a drastic reform at the nature conservation sphere immediately after the seizure of power. This reform strategic had both sides of integration and exclusion. On the one hand it attempted to integrate most of all German conservation movement organizations under the unitary eco-fascists flag, on the other hand it had excluded both the socialists leisure organizations and German jews from the environmental field. The latter proved that the environmental exclusion strategy had initially the antisemitic nature - a good example: Benno Wolf.
    Chapter IV shows that the new Nazi regime proclaimed many other legislations for the German nature conservation sequentially until the enactment of the National Conservation Law 1935. It also proved that the Nazi dictatorship had turned itself into making use of new tactics from the barbaric and violent rule to the cultural rule with the law apparatus. In this vein the National Conservation Law 1935 had a symbolic meaning for the will expression of the Nazi dictatorship to strongly intervene the state power into the nature protection field. So this enactment was highly praised by the environmental elites so that the national law had finally achieved the old social desire for the nature protection by the stronger state. But in spite of these appraisals the national law had still serious inner contradictions. According to chapter 1 paragraph 6, the national law should allow the army and the state to be able to use the nature and the wild land as they like. Also, it provided the legal safety device for the Nazi regime to exploit the nature environment for the land construction and the industry development and the war aims.
    Conclusively, the National Conservation Law 1935 played a important role as a legal safety to secure the political support from the German conservationists, and then the environment dictatorship could easily evolve itself further into the industry and development dictatorship and war dictatorship rightly on this strong green prop.

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    참고문헌 (Reference)

    1 Joachim Radkau, "자연과 권력" 사이언스북스 332-, 2012

    2 Janet Biehl, "에코파시즘" 책으로 만나는 세상 2003

    3 이경준, "박정희가 이룬 기적 - 민둥산을 금수강산으로" 기파랑 2010

    4 Martin Stock, "“Natur und Landschaft” nach deutschen Naturschutzrecht" 209-, 1999

    5 K.-P. Schweiger, "“Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen.”: Der Streit um den wissenschaftlichen Tierversuch in Deutschland 1900-1935, Dissertation" Göttingen 100-, 1993

    6 자넷 빌, "‘생태론’과 독일 극우파 안에서의 파시즘의 현대화, In 에코파시즘" 71-152,

    7 "http://www.naturfreunde-berlin.de/index.php?id=1-11-12-0-0"

    8 Bernd Schütze, "Verdrängte Geschichte: Juden im Naturschutz"

    9 Hubertus Buchstein, "Umweltpolitik in Diktaturen und Demokratien. Neue Befunde zu einer alten Kontroverse, In Braune Ökologen. Hintergründe und Strukturen am Beispiel Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" 51-61, 2011

    10 Daniel Jütte, "Tierschutz und Nationalsozialismius - eine unheilvolle Verbindung" (289) : 2001

    1 Joachim Radkau, "자연과 권력" 사이언스북스 332-, 2012

    2 Janet Biehl, "에코파시즘" 책으로 만나는 세상 2003

    3 이경준, "박정희가 이룬 기적 - 민둥산을 금수강산으로" 기파랑 2010

    4 Martin Stock, "“Natur und Landschaft” nach deutschen Naturschutzrecht" 209-, 1999

    5 K.-P. Schweiger, "“Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen.”: Der Streit um den wissenschaftlichen Tierversuch in Deutschland 1900-1935, Dissertation" Göttingen 100-, 1993

    6 자넷 빌, "‘생태론’과 독일 극우파 안에서의 파시즘의 현대화, In 에코파시즘" 71-152,

    7 "http://www.naturfreunde-berlin.de/index.php?id=1-11-12-0-0"

    8 Bernd Schütze, "Verdrängte Geschichte: Juden im Naturschutz"

    9 Hubertus Buchstein, "Umweltpolitik in Diktaturen und Demokratien. Neue Befunde zu einer alten Kontroverse, In Braune Ökologen. Hintergründe und Strukturen am Beispiel Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" 51-61, 2011

    10 Daniel Jütte, "Tierschutz und Nationalsozialismius - eine unheilvolle Verbindung" (289) : 2001

    11 Johannes Caspar, "Tierschutz im Recht der modernen Industriegesellschaft. Eine rechtliche Neukonstruktion auf philosophischer und historischer Grundlage" Baden-Baden 272-, 1999

    12 Karl Ditt, "The Perception and conservation of nature in the Third Reich" 15 (15): 163-166, 2000

    13 Raymond H. Dominick III, "The Nazis and the Nature Conservationists" 49 (49): 508-538, 1987

    14 Frank Uekoetter, "The Green & the Brown. A History of Conservation in Nazi Germany" Cambridge 58-, 2006

    15 Michael Wettengel, "Staat und Naturschutz 1906-1945. Zur Geschichte der Staatlichen Stelle für Naturdenkmalpflege in Preußen und der Reichsstelle für Naturschutz" 257 (257): 355-399, 1993

    16 Jochen Zimmer, "Soziales Wandern. Zur proletarischen Naturaneignung, In Besiegte Natur. Geschichte der Umwelt im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert" München 158-167, 1989

    17 Gert Gröning, "Naturschutz und Ökologie im Nationalsozialismus" 10 : 6-, 1983

    18 Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, "Naturschutz und Nationalsozialismus - Darstellungen im Spannungsfeld und Verdrängung, Verharmlosung und Interpretation, In Naturschutz und Demokratie!?" München 91-, 2006

    19 Richard Hölzl, "Naturschutz in Bayern von 1905-1945: der Landesausschuß für Naturpflege und der Bund Naturschutz zwischen privater und staatlicher Initiative" (1) : 107-, 2005

    20 Frank Uekötter, "Natur- und Landschaftsschutz im Dritten Reich: Ein Literaturbericht, In Naturschutz und Nationalsozialismus" Frankfurt am Main 447-481, 2003

    21 Volker Dahm, "Nationale Einheit und partikulare Vielfalt. Zur Frage der kulturellen Gleichschaltung im Dritten Reich" 43 (43): 221-265, 1995

    22 Susanne Köstering, "Müll von Gestern? Eine Umweltgeschichtliche Erkundung in Berlin und Brandenburg" Münster 112-, 2003

    23 Volker Dahm, "Kulturpolitische Zentralismus und landschaftlich-lokale Kulturpflege im Dritten Reich, In Nationalismus in der Region" München 126-, 1996

    24 Dr. W., "Jude und Naturschutz" 24 : 414-, 1939

    25 Jost Hermand, "Grüne Utopien in Deutschland. Zur Geschichte des ökologischen Bewußtseins" Frankfurt am Main 1991

    26 Frank Uekötter, "Green Nazis? Reassessing the Environmental History of Nazi Germany" 30 (30): 270-, 2007

    27 Wolfgang Kaschuba, "Einführung in die Europäische Ethnologie" München 77-, 2006

    28 Joachim Radkau, "Die Ära der Ökologie: Eine Weltgeschichte" München 98-, 2011

    29 Johann Ruess, "Die neue Zeit und wir" 16 : 97-, 1933

    30 Friedemann Schmoll, "Die Verteidigung organisierter Ordnungen: Naturschutz und Antisemitismus zwischen Kaiserreich und Nationalsozialismus, In Naturschutz und Nationalsozialismus" 180-,

    31 Hildegard Brenner, "Die Kunst im politischen Machtkampf der Jahre 1933/34" 10 : 17-42, 1962

    32 Daniel Jütte, "Die Entstehung und die Auswirkungen des nationalsozialistischen Reichstierschutzgesetzes von 1933" 2 : 167-184, 2002

    33 Karl Ditt, "Die Anfänge der Naturschutzgesetzgebung in Deutschland und England 1935/49, In Naturschutz und Nationalsozialismus" Frankfurt am Main 112-, 2003

    34 Helmut Röscheisen, "Der Deutsche Naturschutzring. Geschichte, Interessenvielfalt, Organisationsstruktur und Perspektiven des Dachverbandes der Natur- und Umweltschutzverbände, Dissertation" Bochum 47-, 2005

    35 Frank Uekötter, "Der Alltag des Naturschutzes. Anmerkungen zu gegenwätigen Entwicklungen in der Historiographie der Umweltbewegungen"

    36 Thomas Scheck, "Denkmalpflege und Diktatur. Eine Untersuchung über die Erhaltung von Bau- und Kulturdenkmälern im Deutschen Reich zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der preußischen Provinz Schleswig-Holstein" 35 : 236-246, 1993

    37 Walther Schoenichen, "Das deutsche Volk muß gereinigt werden’ - und die deutsche Landschaft?" 14 : 205-209, 1933

    38 Eckhard Jedicke, "Das Reichsnaturschutzgesetz wirkte lange nach" 43 (43): 289-, 2011

    39 Anna Bramwell, "Blood and Soil. Richard Walther’ and Hitler’s “Green Party”" Abbotsbrook 1985

    40 Bernhard Pötter, "Ausweg Öko-Diktatur? Wie unsere Demokratie an der Umweltkrise scheitert" München 2010

    41 Bundesamt für Naturschutz, "100 Jahre Naturschutz als Staatsaufgabe (1906-2006)"

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