과테말라의 마야어 표기법 경합에 대한 고찰: 언어 이데올로기와 마야 정체성을 중심으로 = A Study of Contested Discourses of Mayan Orthography in Guatemala: Language Ideology and Mayan Identity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, I analyze the contested discourses about the orthographies of Mayan languages in Guatemala. The Mayan orthographic conventions discussed in this paper include the orthography of Summer Institute of Linguistics(SIL), the orthography of Adrian Chavez, and the orthography developed by Mayan cultural activists. The orthography of SIL was intended to achieve convenience by being as similar to the alphabet of Spanish as possible. In contrast, Chavez`s goal was to make an alphabet distinctive from the existing Mayan language alphabets and that of Spanish. Mayan activists have developed their orthography as a way of resisting the use of the SIL orthography. In general, Mayan cultural activists consider language policies as a way to strengthen the unity and the pride of Mayan identity, while also rejecting assimilationist social goals. Hence, a debate revolves around the Mayan orthography issues, raising conflicts over legitimacy, authenticity and authority. Linguistic purism characterizes the work of Chavez and of the Mayan cultural activists, and it reflects an attempt to erase foreign features while building the uniqueness and distinctiveness of the native language. While Chavez resorts to the Mayan tradition to legitimize his orthography, Mayan cultural activists cite the need for modernity and universality which they represent as scientific rigor. I argue that the language ideologies of both indigenous orthographies are employed to construct an imaginary group of socially homogeneous Mayan indigenous people.