곤경에 빠진 소녀들의 자기 교육 = How Do They Grow to be Women?: The Bluest Eye

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to identify the destructive power of racial and sexual prejudice against black girls and their struggle to cope with it in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye. Morrison herself writes in the foreword that while writing this novel she focused on showing how young African-American girls learn to hate themselves and how they overcome that self-hatred in a white male dominated society. In describing Pecola Breedlove's destruction and the MacTeer's sister's fight against the social norms, Morrison grasps the delicate moment when racism, poverty, and sexual oppression meet. Along with the MacTeer sister's defiance, the resistance of three whores also displays Morrison's hope of how black girls can overcome both social and racial oppressions. Through Morrison's portrayal of these characters, the reader comes to recognize how either mockery or angry responses against society can be a starting point for self-preservation.
Through the story of the Breedlove family, Morrison depicts the mechanism behind how the mass media can plant the seeds of self-hatred in the minds of black people. She also shows how this leads black mothers to affirm their identities as maids for white families rather than their identities of mothers of their own families. Black mothers who identify themselves as maids for white families over mothers of their own black children are a problem because a black mother's disregard for her own family ruins the family life, especially for her daughter. Through the story of Pecola Breedlove's madness, Morrison tells us the fundamental and calamitous effects of racism and sexism which American society inflicts upon black girls in general.
In addition to this, Morrison tries to show an alternative way of life that black girls can take. The three whores laugh off all patriarchal and racial prejudice and their mockery against social convention functions as a resource of self-respect. For them, humor enables them to transcend the absurdity of social norms. Also, The MacTeer sister's questioning and fighting against everything that defines them as ugly invigorate them to live a fulfilling life.
Through Pecola's tragedy, the humor of three whores and the defiance of the MacTeer sister, readers observe how the growth of black girls could be achieved.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 무엇이 그 아이들에게서 생명의 아름다움을 앗아가는가?
• Ⅲ. 소녀들에게 허락된 공간은 무엇인가?
• Ⅳ. 결론
• 인용문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이일수, "토니 모리슨의 서사적 주체 : 『가장 푸른 눈』 『술라』 『빌러비드』에서의 정착경험을 중심으로" 서울대학교 대학원 2004

2 신문수, "타자의 초상: 인종주의와 문학" 집문당 496-525, 2009

3 Furman, Jan, "Toni Morrison’s Fiction" U of South Carolina P 1996

4 Roye, Susmita, "Toni Morrison’s Disrupted Girls and Their Disturbed Girlhoods: The Bluest Eye and A Mercy" 35 (35): 212-227, 2012

5 Christian, Barbara, "Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical Approaches" John Hopkins UP 19-36, 1997

6 Rubenstein, Roberta, "Toni Morrison: Critical Perspectives Past and Present" Amistad 126-158, 1993

7 Kubitschek, Missy Dehn, "Toni Morrison: A Critical Companion" Greenwood P 1998

8 Samuels, Wilfred D., "Toni Morrison" Twayne Publishers 1990

9 Du Bois, W. E. B., "The Souls of Black Folk" Penguin Books 1996

10 Duvall, John N., "The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness" Palgrave 2000

11 Feng, Pin-chia, "The Female Bildungsroman by Toni Morrison and Maxine Hong Kingston: a Postmodern Reading" P. Lang 1998

12 Raynaud, Claudine, "The Cambridge Companion to the African American Novel" Cambridge UP 2004

13 Surányi, Ágnes, "The Cambridge Companion to Toni Morrison" Cambridge UP 11-25, 2007

14 Kuentz, Jane, "The Bluest Eye: Notes on History, Community, and Black Female Subjectivity" 27 (27): 421-431, 1993

15 Morrison, Toni, "The Bluest Eye" Plume Book 1993

16 LeSeur, Geta J., "Ten is the Age of Darkness: the Black Bildungsroman" U of Missouri P 1995

17 Willis, Susan, "Specifying: Black Women Writing and the American Experience" Routledge 1987

18 hooks, bell, "Sisters of the Yam: Black Women and Self-Recovery" South End P 2005

19 Mukerji, Chandra, "Rethinking Popular Culture: Contemporary Perspectives in Cultural Studies" U of California P 1991

20 Dickerson, Vanessa D., "Recovering the Black Female Body" Rutgers UP 195-216, 2001

21 Harris, Trudier, "Reconnecting Fragments: Afro-American Folk Tradition in The Bluest Eye" 68-76,

22 Bakhtin, Mikhail, "Rabelais and His World" Indiana UP 1984

23 Morrison, Toni, "Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination" Vintage 1992

24 Heinert, Jennifer Lee Jordan, "Narrative conventions and race in the novels of Toni Morrison" Routledge 2009

25 Steedman, Carolyn, "Landscape for a Good Woman: a Story of Two Lives" Rutgers UP 1987

26 Awkward, Michael, "Inspiriting Influences: Tradition, Revision, and Afro-American Women’s Novels" Columbia UP 1989

27 Harris, Trudier, "Fiction and Folklore: The Novels of Toni Morrison" U of Tennessee P 1991

28 McKay, Nellie Y., "Critical Essays on Toni Morrison" G. K. Hall 1988

29 Grewal, Gurleen, "Circles of Sorrow, Lines of Struggle: the Novels of Toni Morrison" Louisiana State UP 1998

30 Wall, Cheryl A., "Changing Our Own Words : Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women" Rutgers UP 1989

31 Morrison, Toni, "Black Women Writers: 1950-1980" Doubleday 1984

32 Long, Lisa A., "A New Midwesternism in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye" 59 (59): 104-125, 2013