Comparison of Test Standards for the Performance and Safety of Agricultural Tractors: A Review

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: The objective of this paper was to compare test standards regarding the performance and safety of agriculturaltractors to identify the differences in test conditions, measurement tolerances, and test procedures. Based on thecomparison, some recommendations were proposed for possible revisions or improvements to current tractor teststandards. Methods: The test standards and codes of major standards development organizations (SDOs), such as theOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), EC type approval, and the board of actions ofthe Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratories (NTTL), were selected and analyzed. Comparison of the test standards: The ISOprovides references for fuel and lubricants for tractor tests, and the OECD provides additional measurements for calculatingfuel consumption characteristics during the power take-off (PTO) tests. The ISO, EC type approval, and the ASABE providePTO protective device and the safety requirements. During drawbar power tests, seven transmission ratios are selected forfully automatic transmissions, according to the OECD. In case of hydraulic lift tests, ISO 789-2 and OECD Code 2 advise theuse of a static lift force, while SAE J283 advises the use of additional dynamic lift capacity tests for a better representation ofin-field operations. The OECD, the ISO, and EC type approval determine the seat index point (SIP), whereas the ASABEdetermines the seat reference point (SRP) for roll-over protective structure (ROPS) tests. Diversified measurementtolerances were among the braking performance test standards. The European Union (EU) has developed daily limits forvibration exposures with adaptations from ISO 2631-1. Electromagnetic compatibility evaluations are emerging ofhigh-efficiency tractors due to the long-term conformance to electromagnetic emissions and interferences. Comparisons oftractor test standards discussed in this paper are expected to provide useful information for tractor manufacturers andstandards development personnel to improve the performance and safety test standards of tractors.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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