Electrical and instrumentation safety for chemical processes

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xi
• Chapter 1 Introduction = 1
• General Safety Criteria : Protection of People, Property, and the Community = 2
• Safety Philosophy and Principles = 5
• Electrical and Control System Safety Incidents = 6
• Acronyms and Abbreviations = 7
• Chapter 2 Process Units for Electrical and Process Control Safety = 9
• Process Conditions That Influence Safety = 9
• Process Operations = 11
• Plant Layout : Physical Facilities = 12
• Chapter 3 Hazardous (Classified) Locations : Area Classification = 14
• National Electrical Code Terminology = 14
• Flammability Characteristics = 18
• Leak and Release Sources = 20
• Ventilation = 21
• Process Conditions = 22
• Vapor Barriers = 22
• Nonelectrical Ignition Sources = 22
• Electrical Classification Practice = 22
• Analytical Approach to Classification = 24
• Electrical Classification versus EPA and Toxicity Requirements = 27
• Reducing Classified Location = 28
• Division 3 = 28
• Probability Concepts : Division 0 = 29
• Electrical Classification : Special Cases = 30
• Conclusion = 33
• References = 34
• Chapter 4 Electrical Equipment in Class Ⅰ Locations = 35
• Electrical Facilities Outside Classified Locations = 38
• National Electrical Code = 37
• Explosionproof Apparatus = 39
• Sealing Process-Connected Instrumentation = 41
• Purging and Pressurization = 45
• Intrinsic Safety = 50
• Oil Immersion = 58
• Conclusion = 59
• References = 60
• Chapter 5 Dust Electrical Safety in Chemical-Processing Facilities = 61
• Dust Explosions and Fires = 61
• Electrical Causes of Dust Ignition = 62
• Characteristics of Dust Explosion = 62
• National Electrical Code and Combustible Dusts = 64
• Classification of Dust Locations = 68
• Conclusion = 70
• References = 70
• Chapter 6 Electrical Safety in Chemical Processes = 71
• Electrocution and Personnel Safety = 72
• Lightning Protection for Chemical-Process Facilities = 75
• Static Electricity as an Ignitions Source = 85
• Protection of Electrical Systems = 96
• Electrical Power Reliability and Quality = 122
• Cable Systems for Chemical-Process Facilities = 139
• Conclusion = 143
• References = 145
• Chapter 7 Measurement and Final Control Elements = 148
• Instrumentation Flow Diagrams = 148
• Process Measuring Elements = 149
• Final Control Elements = 154
• Alternating Current Versus Direct Current Drives = 156
• Conclusion = 157
• References = 158
• Chapter 8 Process Control Safety = 159
• History of Process Control = 160
• Distributed Control Systems = 162
• Alarm Systems = 164
• Interlock Systems = 167
• Safety Interlock Systems = 168
• Electrical Protection of Control Systems = 171
• Conclusion = 177
• References = 178
• Chapter 9 Electrical and Process Control Safety Standards for Chemical Processes = 180
• National Standards Organizations = 181
• International Standards = 190
• Conclusion = 193
• Chapter 10 Safety in Maintenance = 194
• Preventive Maintenance = 195
• Design for Maintainability = 195
• Electrical and Process Control System Maintenance Practices = 196
• Surveys and Inspections = 197
• Testing = 198
• References = 200
• Chapter 11 Safety in Work Practices = 201
• Electrical and Process Control Safety Work Practices = 201
• Hot Work = 204
• Maintenance in Hazardous (Classified) Locations = 204
• Hot Work in Hazardous (Classified) Locations = 205
• Appendix An Illustrated Guide to Electrical Safety = 207
• Index = 239