Local government in Australia : history, theory and public policy

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1 Introduction = 1
• 1.1 Motivation for Book = 1
• 1.2 Outline of Book = 3
• 1.3 A Note on Source Material for This Book = 7
• References = 8
• Part Ⅰ History
• 2 Origins and Development of Local Government Systems in Australia : An Overview = 15
• 2.1 Introduction = 15
• 2.2 Placing Colonial, State and Local Governments = 19
• 2.3 Constitutionalist and State-Interventionist Systems : The History Wars in Australian Local Government Studies = 26
• 2.4 Overview of Local Government in New South Wales 1788–1980 = 27
• 2.4.1 Early Development 1788–1858 = 27
• 2.4.2 Permissive to Comprehensive System 1858–1906 = 29
• 2.4.3 Twentieth Century : Regionalising and Greater City Movements = 31
• 2.4.4 Assessing Attempts at Reforming the System = 35
• 2.5 Overview of Local Government in Victoria 1833–1980 = 37
• 2.5.1 Early Settlement, Colonial and Local Government in Victoria 1833–1874 = 38
• 2.5.2 Local Government in Victoria 1874–1901 = 40
• 2.5.3 Local Government in Victoria 1901–1945 = 41
• 2.5.4 Local Government in Victoria 1945–1980 = 43
• 2.6 Overview of Local Government in Queensland 1824–1980 = 45
• 2.6.1 Voluntarism 1859–1878 = 46
• 2.6.2 Foundations 1878–1902.= 48
• 2.6.3 Democratisation and the Greater City Movement 1902–1925 = 49
• 2.6.4 Queensland Local Government 1925–1980 = 50
• 2.7 Overview of Local Government in Western Australia 1829–1980 = 52
• 2.7.1 Events Prior to the Municipal Corporations Act 1906 = 53
• 2.7.2 Metropolitan Regionalism and Consolidation = 54
• 2.7.3 Continuing Evidence for Voluntarism = 56
• 2.8 Overview of Local Government in South Australia 1837–1980 = 57
• 2.8.1 Early Period : 1840–1878 = 58
• 2.8.2 Later Period : 1879–1978 = 59
• 2.9 Overview of Local Government in Tasmania 1803–1980 = 61
• 2.9.1 Early Development of Hobart and Launceston = 61
• 2.9.2 Beyond the Cities and a Comprehensive System = 62
• 2.10 Assessment by Power et al. (1981) : Toward a Normative Theory of Australian Local Government? = 64
• 2.11 Observations = 70
• Appendix 1 = 72
• References = 74
• 3 Local Government and the Australian Federation : Regionalisation, Regionalism and the Struggle for Constitutional Recognition = 83
• 3.1 Introduction = 83
• 3.2 Federalism, Regionalism and Local Government = 84
• 3.2.1 Local Government and the Constitutional Conventions 1890–1898 = 85
• 3.2.2 The "Great Game": Federalism, Regionalism and Local Government = 87
• 3.2.3 Brown (2006) : Why Regionalism Is a Federal Issue—Five Facts = 91
• 3.3 Commonwealth Interventions Post-WWII = 93
• 3.3.1 Kelly et al. (2009) : "Nation-Building" of the 1940s = 94
• 3.3.2 Kelly et al. (2009) : "Paternalism" of the Early 1970s = 95
• 3.3.3 Kelly et al. (2009) : "Self-sufficiency" of the 1990s = 97
• 3.3.4 Regional Institutions and Local Government Under the Howard Governments 1996–2007 = 98
• 3.3.5 Commonwealth-Local Relations Under the Labor Governments of 2007–2013 and Subsequent Developments = 99
• 3.4 Constitutional Recognition of Local Government = 102
• 3.4.1 Brown (2008) : Financial Recognition 1974 = 103
• 3.4.2 Brown (2008) : Symbolic ("Token") Recognition 1988 = 105
• 3.4.3 The Failed Attempt at Referendum 2013 = 107
• 3.5 Observations and Implications for Public Policy = 113
• Appendix 1 = 116
• Appendix 2 = 117
• References = 119
• Part Ⅱ Theory
• 4 Theories of Local Government and Application to Australia = 125
• 4.1 Introduction = 125
• 4.2 Dominant Theoretical Approach to Local Government Reform in Australia : Aulich (1999) = 127
• 4.3 Disciplinary Perspectives = 129
• 4.3.1 Philosophy of Place = 130
• 4.3.2 Moral Justification for Decentralised Government : Principle of Subsidiarity = 134
• 4.3.3 Economics of Place = 135
• 4.3.4 Political Theory of Local Government = 142
• 4.3.5 Local Government as Public Administration : From Government to Governance and Public Value Management = 150
• 4.4 New Localism and Its Discontents = 154
• 4.4.1 Recent Writing on New Localism in the Australian Context = 154
• 4.4.2 Place-Shaping as a Theory of Local Government and Political Reform = 157
• 4.4.3 Criticisms of New Localism = 161
• 4.5 Observations and Implications for Public Policy = 165
• References = 167
• Part Ⅲ Public Policy
• 5 Autonomy and Local Governments in Australia = 177
• 5.1 Introduction = 177
• 5.2 Autonomy = 179
• 5.2.1 Autonomy and Democracy = 179
• 5.2.2 Immunity and Initiative = 180
• 5.3 Immunity and Initiative in Australian Local Government = 182
• 5.3.1 Immunity for Local Government in Australia = 183
• 5.3.2 Initiative for Local Government in Australia = 184
• 5.4 Local Government in the United States : Home Rule and Dillon's Rule = 193
• 5.4.1 Definition and Synoptic History of Home Rule = 194
• 5.4.2 Home Rule as Normative Theory = 202
• 5.5 Home Rule and Australian Local Government : Out of the Mendicant Maze? = 205
• 5.6 Observations and Implications for Policy and Research = 209
• References = 212
• 6 Community and Community Engagement in Australian Local Government = 217
• 6.1 Introduction = 217
• 6.2 Community Engagement and Community Engagement in Australian Local Government = 219
• 6.2.1 Defining Community Engagement = 219
• 6.2.2 Why Community Engagement? = 220
• 6.2.3 Types of Community Engagement = 224
• 6.3 Outline of Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks for Community Engagement in Australian Local Government Systems = 226
• 6.3.1 New South Wales = 226
• 6.3.2 Victoria = 228
• 6.3.3 Queensland = 231
• 6.3.4 Western Australia = 233
• 6.3.5 South Australia = 235
• 6.3.6 Tasmania = 239
• 6.3.7 Northern Territory = 240
• 6.3.8 Comparative Observations = 243
• 6.4 Case Study : City of Greater Geraldton 2011–15 = 244
• 6.4.1 Background = 244
• 6.4.2 Community Engagement in Geraldton-Greenough = 246
• 6.4.3 Assessment of Geraldton-Greenough and City of Greater Geraldton Community Engagement = 253
• 6.5 Observations and Implications for Public Policy = 254
• References = 257
• 7 Introduction to Australian Local Government Economics and Finance = 265
• 7.1 Introduction = 265
• 7.2 Major Sources of Local Government Revenue = 266
• 7.2.1 Local Government Taxation = 268
• 7.2.2 Local Government Fee Income = 270
• 7.2.3 Intergovernmental Grants = 271
• 7.3 Expenditure = 273
• 7.3.1 Economies of Scale = 277
• 7.3.2 Alternative Methods for Reducing Local Government Expenditure = 278
• 7.4 Municipal Performance = 284
• 7.4.1 Factors Mitigating Against Accurate Evaluations = 284
• 7.4.2 Unintended Outcomes = 286
• 7.4.3 Some Performance Monitoring Recommendations = 287
• 7.5 Observations and Implications for Public Policy = 288
• References = 290
• 8 Leadership in Australian Local Government Systems = 293
• 8.1 Introduction = 293
• 8.2 Reforms to Leadership in the Context of General Reform = 296
• 8.3 Typology of Leadership Arrangements in Local Government = 297
• 8.4 Australia : Contemporary Legislative Frameworks = 300
• 8.5 Conjecture and Refutation : Stronger Roles for Mayors in Australia? = 309
• 8.5.1 Conjecture—Sansom (2012) : "Semi-executive" Mayors = 309
• 8.5.2 Refutation : Grant et al. (2014) = 316
• 8.6 Observations and Implications for Public Policy and Research = 320
• References = 323
• 9 Ethical Issues in Australian Local Government = 327
• 9.1 Introduction = 327
• 9.2 The Bad News : Perceptions of Australian Local Government = 330
• 9.3 The Good News : Public Value Creation in Australian Local Government = 332
• 9.3.1 Public Value Creation : Simple and Complex Meanings = 333
• 9.3.2 Objections to Public Value : Rhodes and Wanna (2007) = 338
• 9.3.3 In Defence of Public Value in Australian Local Government : Grant and Fisher (2011) = 341
• 9.4 Ethics and Intergovernmental Relations = 344
• 9.4.1 Utility Maximisation Versus Rights-Based Arguments in State-Local Relations = 345
• 9.4.2 Beyond Utility Maximisation : The Principle of Double Effect (PDE) and Municipal Amalgamations = 346
• 9.5 Observations and Implications for Public Policy = 350
• References = 352
• 10 Local Government Amalgamations = 357
• 10.1 Introduction = 357
• 10.2 Brief History of Local Government Amalgamations in Australia = 359
• 10.3 Recent Reform Processes in NSW : Fit for the Future = 364
• 10.3.1 A Brief History of Fit for the Future = 365
• 10.3.2 The Scholarly Evidence on Fit for the Future = 368
• 10.4 Boundary Change 101 : An Introduction for Aspiring Amalgamation Architects = 372
• 10.5 Observations and Implications for Public Policy = 377
• References = 378
• 11 The Global City Thesis in the Australian Context : A Case Study of Sydney Global City = 383
• 11.1 Introduction = 383
• 11.2 Inside the Bubble : Sydney, Melbourne and the Global Cities Discourse = 386
• 11.3 Advocating Sydney Global City = 391
• 11.4 Local Government in Sydney Global City : Contemporary Processes of Reform = 393
• 11.4.1 Independent Local Government Review Panel (ILGRP) (2012–2013) = 395
• 11.4.2 NSW Government "Fit for the Future" Reform Program (2014–2016) = 396
• 11.4.3 Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal (IPART) (2015) = 396
• 11.4.4 NSW Legislative Council "Local Government (Inquiry)" (2015) = 397
• 11.4.5 Greater Sydney Commission (GSC) (2015) = 399
• 11.5 Observations and Implications for Public Policy = 401
• References = 403
• Part Ⅳ Future
• 12 The Future of Local Government in Australia : Maximising Service Delivery with Political Voice = 411
• 12.1 Introduction = 411
• 12.2 Principle of Subsidiarity : A More Comprehensive Moral Justification for a Greater Level of Decentralised Government = 415
• 12.2.1 Deontological Concept of Subsidiarity = 416
• 12.2.2 Consequentialist Concept of Subsidiarity = 417
• 12.2.3 A More Comprehensive Theory of Decentralised Government = 419
• 12.3 Competency : The Development of Functional and Administrative Capacity in Australian Local Government = 420
• 12.4 Achieving Fiscal Capacity in a System of Greater Decentralised Government = 422
• 12.4.1 Benefit Pricing = 422
• 12.4.2 Taxation = 423
• 12.4.3 Debt = 424
• 12.4.4 Intergovernmental Grants = 425
• 12.4.5 Own Source Revenue = 426
• 12.5 Implications for Public Policy : More Effective, Efficient and Equitable Government = 427
• References = 431
• Index = 435