중국의 정치과정과 정치적 반대 = Political Oppositions Under Chinese Authoritarian Regime

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Many Chinese specialists and democratization theorists have applied the regime change theories to explain the social and political dynamics in China since Deng Xiaoping``s ``reform and opening policy``. They understand that continued economic reform in China is leading to the development of a civil society and push for political change. They also expect that the political system in China will be under increasing pressure to change and ultimately democratization. However, Chinese political leaders and scholars are insisting that their goal of political reform and political development is not to follow the Western examples but to build a ``socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics``, which means reforming within party state system. Building upon recent scholarship, this study seeks to re-conceptualize the political strategies of Chinese authoritarian regime and the existence of political oppositions under Chinese authoritarian regime. Political oppositions under an authoritarian regime are not only the outcomes of the regime``s strategies but also the excuses of the authoritarian rule. Political oppositions under an authoritarian regime is playing the double role as opponents of regime that pursue to be an alternative regime, and as potential political allies that perform the functions of legitimation and stabilization. So authoritarian regime has been tolerant of the unchallengeable oppositions that might contribute to the prolonged resilience of authoritarianism, but continued to suppress the challenges to CCP``s political monopoly such as the formation of new political parties or independent labour unions. Under Chinese authoritarian regime we are able to identify four types of opposition politics; those are, 1) dissents within power structure, 2) loyal opposition or semi-opposition, 3) semi-loyal opposition outside of power structure, and 4) disloyal opposition. The CCP still retain its political monopoly and will maintain its rule for forseeable future. Chinese authoritarianism is viable regime with its efforts to be more inclusive and therefore more representative. But the existence of political oppositions itself is a useful indicator for political changes destined to a more democratic future of China.

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