바빙크의 성령론적 관점에서 본 보이지 않는 교회와 교회의 통일성 = The Invisible Church and the Unity of the Church from the Viewpoint of Bavinck's Pneumatology

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In general, Reformed pneumatolgy is regarded as an important characteristic and strength of Reformed theology. Reformed pneumatology is also essential in understanding its ecclesiology. In particular, Reformed theology distinguishes between the invisible and the visible church in its ecclesiology, where the invisible church is defined as the realization of divine election by the Holy Spirit and the Word. In this respect, Reformed pneumatology faces an important critique that cannot be overlooked in relation to its ecclesiology. It is the criticism that the distinction in Reformed ecclesiology between the visible and the invisible church is a kind of Platonic dualism, or that this distinction is a concept that justifies schism.
This paper responds to this criticism by taking a case study of the pneumatology and ecclesiology of Herman Bavinck (known as an eminent Reformed theologian of Netherlands and as one of the world’s top three Calvinists with Abraham Kuyper and B.B. Warfield). From Bavinck’s pneumatological point of view, the invisible but actual and ongoing application of salvation to the church by the Holy Spirit plays a key role in realistically understanding the invisible church by which he means the spiritual essence of the church, and the spiritual character of the marks and attributes of the church. In other words, to speak of the “invisible church,” Reformed theology is claiming nothing more than that the church of Jesus Christ is “spiritual.” The “spirituality of the church” is identical to the “invisible church.” To criticize the latter is to criticize the former. Furthermore, Bavinck’s view of the invisible church reveals an invisible but real and effective spiritual unity led by the Holy Spirit and points out that hierarchical coercion is the detonator of church division. Bavinck’s pneumatological understanding of the invisible church and the unity of the church will be a credible example for a legitimate refutation of the criticism mentioned earlier.

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