현대 러시아 비즈니스 엘리트의 형성에 대한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 고에서는 현대 러시아 비즈니스 엘리트의 기원에 대해 다루고 있다. 비즈니스 엘리트는 정치 권력과 결탁하여 자신에게 필요한 금융-경제 구조를 동원하고 통제할 수 있는 집단이다. 또한 이들은 시장경제체제로의 전환을 촉진하는 주도 집단이자, 한편 오늘날 지배 엘리트의 물적 소유권을 확보하는 기능을 담당하고 있다. 비즈니스 엘리트는 자신의 정치 권력을 경제적 소유권으로 전환시키고자 했던 당, 산업, 꼼소몰 노멘끌라뚜라로부터 시작하여, 자신의 활동과 자본을 합법화시키고자 했던 지하경제의 범법자들, 그리고 자신의 사회적 지위에 만족하지 못하여 비즈니스에서 자기를 실현시키고자 했던 기술과 인문 계통의 인텔리겐챠 등의 출신자들로 이루어져 있다.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1. 서론
2. 현대 러시아 비즈니스 엘리트의 기원
3. 현대 러시아 비즈니스 엘리트의 형성과정
4. 현대 러시아 비즈니스 엘리트의 발전전망-결론에 대신하여

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines the origin of the business-elite in current Russia. The business-elite is a group capable of mobilizing and controlling financial-economic resources advantageous to its own means through collusion with political powers. As the leading group promoting transformation of Russia to a market economy, it also functions as a contributor in securing material proprietary rights of the existing ruling elite. The business-elite originates from three different strata : one of which is the party-industry-Komsomol nomenklatura, in hope of successfully converting their political power into economic proprietorship, another is the lawbreakers of the underground economy with the intention of legalizing their business and capital activities, and lastly, technological and humanistic intelligentsias, unsatisfied with their social standing, aspiring to achieve self realization through business.

Beginning its business in the late 1980s, it was formed into a major social group during the nomenklatura privatization process soon thereafter, and by the mid 90s, finally succeeded in joining together with the political powers. Up until then, former Soviet nomenklatura was the major players in the field. But from the late 1990's to present, intelligentsias who had no previous relation to the ruling party rose as the leading actor. The appearance of a new generation of business-elite is inevitable, as it will be more flexible in adapting to the market economy.

But there exists serious doubt as to whether this change is a fundamental shift in generation. It is true that these non-Soviet, younger-generation of business-elite have rose as the major businessmen of Russia, but they could not have secured their position today with mere ability and effort. What they are today is a result of close alliance with the past ruling elite and their continuous support. In conclusion, it is justifiable to say that there appears to be a new generation of business-elites in Russia, but still only under the sustaining ruling elite system.