전문가 학습과정에 의한 얼굴과 대상 인식 = Face and Object Recognition by an Expert Learning Process

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One of the basic controversial issues on face recognition differing from object recognition is whether the holistic and configural processing are natural ability or the result of postnatal learning. We examined that the holistic, configural, and automatic processing regarded as the face-specific characteristics could be observed in the object recognition through the expert learning process(experiment 1). We also measured the intensity of selective activation in FFA to the synthetic face and object using fMRI(experiment 2). In experiment 1, we found that the holistic, configural, and automatic processing were observed by the expert group both in face and object recognition. In experiment 2, we found the activation of FFA to synthetic face and object increased after expert learning. FFA might be therefore not face-specific but have domain-general characteristics. These results lend direct evidence that the characteristics of face information processing is not given by natural ability but by the result of expert learning.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

얼굴인식에서의 근본적인 논쟁점 중 하나는 얼굴인식에서 나타나는 전체적 처리특성과 배열정보처리의 우세성이 생득적 능력인가 아니면 후천적 학습의 결과인가에 관한 것이다. 본 연구는 얼굴인식에만 나타난다고 여겨져 왔던 전체적 처리와 배열정보처리의 특성과 더불어 자동적 처리특성이 전문가적 학습과정을 통해 대상인식에서도 나타나는가를 확인하고(실험 1), fMRI를 이용하여 얼굴자극에 대하여 특수하게 관찰되는 것으로 알려진 FFA에서의 선택적 활성화가 학습의 결과로 그 강도가 변화하는가를 확인하고자 하였다(실험 2). 실험 1에서는 합성얼굴과 합성물고기 자극에 대하여 비전문가 학습 집단과는 달리 전문가 학습 집단에서만 전체적 처리와 배열정보처리 특성과 함께 자동적 처리 특성이 나타났고, 실험 2에서는 전문가 학습의 결과, 얼굴자극 뿐만 아니라 대상자극에 대한 FFA의 활성화가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 얼굴과 대상인식의 배후 뇌 기제에 대한 영역-일반성 특징을 보이는 결과를 얻었다. 이 실험 결과들은 얼굴인식에서 특징적으로 관찰되어지는 것으로 알려진 처리 과정들이 생득적인 능력에 기인하기보다는 전문가적 학습에 의한 결과임을 시사해준다.

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