한국 노인의 선호 임종장소와 결정요인 분석 = Preferred Place of Death and its Determinants among Korean Older Adults

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대사회의 고도화된 의료기술로 갑작스런 죽음보다 서서히 진행되는 죽음이 증가하고 있고, 이 같은 현상은 웰다잉에 대한 사회적 관심을 자연스럽게 증가시켰다. 웰다잉의 주요 요소가 자기결정권과 임종장소임을 고려한다면, 노인이 선호하던 장소에서 죽음을 맞을 수 있는 권리도 중요하다. 이러한 권리를 지원하기 위해서는 우리나라 노인들이 어떤 임종장소를 선호하며, 이러한 선호에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 탐색할 필요가 있다. 연구를 위해 2019년 지역사회에 거주하는 전국의 만 65세 이상 성인 1,500명을 대상으로 「노인의 건강한 노화 및 웰다잉」의 설문조사를 실시하였고 이를 분석자료로 활용하였다. 분석결과, 가장 많은 응답자가 선호한 임종장소는 자택(37.7%)이었으며, 일반병원(19.3%), 호스피스 기관(17.4%), 요양병원(13.1%), 장기요양시설(12.5%) 순으로 뒤를 이었다. 각 선호결정의 영향요인을 탐색하기 위해 가장 높은 선호도를 나타낸 자택을 기준으로 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시도한 결과, 노인의 연령, 건강, 경제상태, 거주도시 유형이 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 3년 후 2025년이면 초고령사회로의 진입이 전망되는 우리나라 인구구조 상황에서, 본 연구의 결과는 노인 당사자 입장에서의 선호 임종장소와 그 영향요인을 탐색하여 웰다잉을 지원하고 지역사회거주 노인의 웰다잉과 관련된 산업기술의 방향성에 대한 단초를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the advances in medical technology in modern society, there is an increase in the number of cases where the progress to death is slow compared to the instances of sudden death. This phenomenon has naturally increased social interest in well-dying. Considering that the main elements of well-dying are the right to self-determination and the place of death, the right of the older persons to die in their preferred place is also important. To support these rights, it is necessary to explore the choices for the place of death of the older people in Korea and the factors that influence these preferences. In relation to well-dying, the preferred place of death of older adults in Korea was investigated, and the determinants influencing each preference decision were explored. For this study, a nationwide survey "Healthy Aging and Well-Dying of the Older Adults" was conducted on 1,500 adults over the age of 65 living in local communities in 2019, and the results of the survey were used for analysis. The most preferred place of death by the respondents was home (37.7%), followed by hospitals (19.3%), hospice care institutions (17.4%), nursing hospitals (13.1%), and nursing homes (12.5%). The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the age, health, economic status, and types of the region of residence of older adults had a significant impact on their preferences. Korea faces a demographic crisis and is expected to enter a super-aged society by 2025. The results of this study could thus provide clues about how to support well-dying by exploring the preferred place of death and its determinants from the perspective of older adults and about the direction of industrial technology related to the well-dying of the older adults living in the community.

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