Modern sociological theory

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xi
• Acknowledgements = xiii
• 1 General theory in sociology = 1
• The practice of sociological theory = 2
• Approaches to sociological theory = 5
• Constructionism = 7
• Functionalism = 8
• Utilitarianism = 9
• Critical structuralism = 9
• Feminism = 10
• The main concepts = 11
• Agency = 11
• Rationality = 11
• Structure = 12
• System = 12
• Culture and ideology = 13
• Power and the state = 13
• Gender and feminism = 13
• Differentiation and stratification = 14
• 2 Agency: meaning and motives in social arrangements = 15
• Founding arguments = 17
• Weber: it all means something to someone = 17
• Simmel: impressionistic theory = 20
• Symbolic interactionism: the self-made society = 22
• Mead: common-sensing = 23
• Mead on socialization: playing the game = 25
• Recent developments: divided communication = 26
• Goffman: all the world's a stage = 27
• Becker: deviant sociology = 29
• Phenomenology: seeing things = 31
• Schutz: a meaningful theory = 31
• Berger and Luckmann: building society = 35
• Ethnomethodology: not taking the taken-for-granted for granted = 36
• The negatives of positivism = 36
• Folk sociology = 38
• Parsons: volunteering for action = 40
• Habermas: arguments resolved = 42
• Giddens' structuration theory: society by accident = 45
• Interpretation rules, OK? = 45
• The subject matter of sociology = 47
• The limits of human agency = 47
• Sociological methodology = 48
• Sociological concept formation = 48
• Acting out structures = 48
• Conclusion = 50
• 3 Rationality: the maximization of individual interest = 56
• Founding arguments = 59
• Marshall: you can always get what you want = 59
• Pareto: inescapable logic = 61
• Skinner: society written on a clean slate = 64
• Exchange theory: trading associations = 66
• Homans: fair exchange = 66
• Emerson: unfair exchange = 70
• Blau: power attracts = 71
• Public choice: power to the people who have power = 72
• Olsen； Buchanan: the illogic of collective action = 73
• Arrow； Niskanen； Downs: rational dictatorship = 74
• Coleman: rogue organizations = 76
• Rational choice: games Marxists play = 78
• Elster: the revolutionary's dilemma = 79
• Roomer: towards socialist exploitation = 81
• Elster again: mixing cement = 84
• Conclusion = 87
• 4 Structure: secret patterns which determine experience = 92
• Founding arguments = 94
• Freud: compelling thoughts = 94
• Levi-Strauss: primitive thoughts = 97
• Marx: contradictory thoughts = 100
• Contemporary theories of social structure = 104
• Giddens: the constructionist version = 104
• Parsons: the functionalist version = 107
• The first structuralist phase: permulating the pattern variables = 107
• The second structuralist phase: theorizing with agility = 109
• Althusser: the structuralist version = 115
• Hi Marx! = 116
• Base determinism = 117
• In the last instance the subject is dead = 120
• Recent French structuralism and poststructuralism = 122
• Lacan: French Freud = 122
• Derrida: the last poststructuralist = 124
• Conclusion = 126
• 5 System: an overarching order = 131
• Founding arguments: Durkheimian functionalism = 133
• Durkheim: facts and functions = 133
• Durkheim: the solid society = 135
• Durkheim: society ritualized = 137
• Malinowski: society psychologized = 138
• Radcliffe- Brown: society reified = 139
• Parsonsian structural-functionalism: systems within systems = 142
• The system of action = 142
• The subsystems: the holistic trinity = 144
• Religion as culture and culture as religion = 148
• The cybernetic hierarchy: more information = 149
• Neofunctionalism: paradise regained = 152
• Presupposing theory = 152
• Reading the scriptures = 155
• Funclionalism redeemed = 159
• Habermas' communicationism: steering theory straight = 161
• Lifeworld and system = 162
• Internal colonization = 165
• The crisis in systems theory = 165
• Conclusion = 167
• 6 Culture and ideology = 173
• Founding arguments = 175
• Marx: false consciousness = 176
• Weber: affinities for ideas = 179
• NeoMarxian critical theory = 182
• Gramsci: idealizing the class struggle = 182
• Lukacs: grasping cultural reality = 185
• The Frankfurt School: in with the outcrowd = 187
• Contemporary constructionist theories of culture = 192
• Habermas: rationalizing culture = 192
• Elias: a civilized theory = 196
• Bourdieu: capitalizing on culture = 198
• The neoWeberian critique of ideology theory = 202
• Abercrombie, Hill and Turner: bourgeois ideology = 203
• Archer: two cultures = 204
• Postmodernism: culture triumphant = 206
• Postmodern culture as ideology = 206
• Jameson: what you see is what you get = 206
• Harvey: flexible ideas = 206
• An autonomous and effective postmodern culture = 208
• Lyotard: language games = 208
• Baudrillard: signing off modernity = 209
• Lash: culture unchained = 210
• Crook, Pakulski and Waters: postculture = 211
• Conclusion = 212
• 7 Power and the state = 217
• Founding arguments = 219
• Marx: power, power everywhere = 219
• Weber: authoritative theory = 222
• Classical elitism: conspiracies of power = 224
• Critical structuralism: power from the possession of property = 226
• The American radical left: military-industrial complexities = 226
• Poulantzas: power at work = 228
• The relative autonomy of the state = 229
• Foucault: speaking of power = 230
• Habermas: the communicalionist alternative = 234
• Functionalism and constructionism: power as politics = 235
• Parsons: a classical economy of power = 236
• Mann: four sources of power = 237
• Field and Higley: the power of a common position = 238
• Utilitarianism: power as individual performance = 240
• Dahl: making decisions = 240
• Bachrach and Baratz: not making decisions = 243
• Polymorphic power = 244
• Lukes: three dimensions of power = 244
• Clegg: going around in circuits of power = 245
• Conclusion = 246
• 8 Gender and feminism = 250
• Malestream theory = 251
• Foundations = 252
• Maine: subordination by contract = 252
• Weber: patriarchalism = 253
• Engels: owning women = 254
• Contemporary developments = 256
• Parsons: instrumental man = 256
• Sociobiology: gender animated = 257
• Stratification theory: malestream myopia = 259
• Feminist critiques = 260
• de Beauvoir: the genesis of gender = 261
• Friedan: the feminine mistake = 262
• Millett: a gender agenda = 264
• Biological and sexual structuralist theory = 266
• Firestone； Ortner: natural inferiority = 266
• Brownmiller: male violence = 269
• Brenner and Ramas: biological resistance = 270
• Psychoanalytic structuralist theory = 271
• Milchelf: Althusser meets Freud = 271
• Chodofow: 'she's got personality' = 273
• Critical and materialist structuralist theory = 274
• Barrett； Eisenstein: reproductive capitalism = 275
• Delphy: sex with class = 277
• Connell: the gender fit-up = 278
• Constructionist theories = 279
• Kanter: the glass ceiling = 280
• Walby: publicizing patriarchy = 281
• Waters: permutations of patriarchy = 282
• Poststructuralist theories = 285
• Conclusion = 287
• 9 Differentiation and stratification = 291
• DIFFERENTIATION = 293
• Founding arguments = 294
• Spencer: theoretical harmony = 294
• Durkheim: conscious of the collectivity = 297
• Marx: material differences = 299
• Weber: formalities of differentiation = 301
• Modernization: the Utopias of functionalism = 301
• Levy: rationalizing modernization = 302
• Smelser: disturbing modernization = 303
• Parsons: universal modernization = 305
• Luhmann: differentiating differentiation = 307
• Theories of the future of differentiation = 310
• Braverman: the dystopia of differentiation = 310
• After differentiation: postindustrialization and postmodernization = 311
• Globalization: a world of difference = 314
• Conclusion = 320
• STRATIFICATION = 321
• Founding arguments = 322
• Marx: struggling about class = 325
• Weber: class competition = 326
• Critical structuralist theory: possession is all = 328
• Poulantzas: abstract models = 328
• Wright: a duodecotomous structure = 330
• Constructionist theory: market forces = 333
• British neoWeberians: closing arguments = 333
• Piore: two markets are better than one = 335
• Functionalist theory: class as status = 336
• The functionalist theory: ability receives its just reward = 336
• From status mobility to class inheritance = 337
• Conclusion = 339
• 10 Conclusion: the past and the future of sociological theory = 344
• Three diagnoses = 346
• Merton: the hunt for grand theory = 347
• Alexander: positive barbarism = 347
• Holmwood and Stewart: contradictory dualism = 348
• The accomplishments of theory = 349
• Moving forward = 351
• References = 355
• Index = 364