Collective Memory as Reflected in the Popular Historical Novels and Culture of Korea: The Debate on Jo Jeong-rae’s Arirang

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The collective memory of Korea, which has evolved through the shaping of the country’s national culture and identity, has deepened Koreans’ animosity toward Japan, and undermined reconciliation between Korea and Japan since the end of World War II. This paper analyzes how the collective memory of Japanese colonization of Korea has been constructed since World War II by examining the multiple narratives contained in Arirang, a popular Korean novel by Jo Jeong-rae, which has since the 1990s achieved canonical status on the basis of its nationalist perspective. For this purpose, this paper explores how Japanese colonialism is portrayed in Arirang, the pushback this portrayal has received from professional historians, and the socio-economic context in which the collective memory the novel promotes has been shaped and shared among Koreans.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 윤해동, "트랜스내셔널 히스토리(Transnational History)의 가능성 － 한국근대사를 중심으로 －" 역사학회 (200) : 33-65, 2008

2 우수영, "조정래 『아리랑』에 출현하는 공감연대 고찰" 현대문학이론학회 (59) : 183-203, 2014

3 Bak, Taekyun, "Wonhyeong-gwa byeonyong : Hanguk gyeongje gaebal gyehoek-ui giwon(Archetype and Metamorphosis : The Origin of Korea’s Economic Development Plans)" Seoul daehakgyo chulpanbu 2007

4 Southgate, Beverley C., "Why Bother with History : Ancient, Modern, and Postmodern Motivations" Pearson Education 2000

5 Nozaki, Yoshiko, "War Memory, Nationalism and Education in Postwar Japan, 1945-2007 : The Japanese History Textbook Controversy and Ienaga Saburo’s Court Challenges" Routledge 2008

6 Jun, Seong Ho, "Wages, Rents, and Interest Rates in Southern Korea : 1700 to 1900" 24 : 217-283, 2006

7 Chung, Chin Sung, "True Stories of the Korean Comfort Women: Testimonies Compiled by the Korean Council for Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan and the Research Association on the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan" Cassell 11-31, 1995

8 Yi, Yeong-hun, "Toji josa saeop-ui sutalseong jaegeomto (Review of the Exploitative Characteristics of the Cadastral Land Survey)" 24 : 307-334, 1993

9 Gellner, Eernest, "Thought and Change" Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1964

10 Maruyama, Masao, "Thought and Behaviour in Modern Japanese Politics" Oxford University Press 84-134, 1963

11 Berger, Peter, "The Social Construction of Reality : A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge" Anchor Books 1966

12 Kim, Youngmi, "The Politics of Coalition in Korea : Between Institutions and Culture" Routledge 2011

13 Suh, Joonghae, "The Industrial Competitiveness of Korea’s IT Industry"

14 Korea Survey (Gallup) Polls, "The Gallup Reports: Social and Marketing Trends 3"

15 Smith, Anthony D., "The Ethnic Origins of Nations" Basil Blackwell 1986

16 Halbwachs, Maurice, "The Collective Memory" Harper & Row 1980

17 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, "Statement by the Chief Cabinet Secretary"

18 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, "Statement by Chief Cabinet Secretary Koichi Kato on the Issue of the So-called ‘Wartime Comfort Women’ from the Korean Peninsula"

19 Heo, Uk, "South Korea’s Rise : Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations" Cambridge University Press 2014

20 Chung, Young-Iob, "South Korea in the Fast Lane : Economic Development and Capital Formation" Oxford University Press 2007

21 Lee, Peter, "Sourcebook of Korean Civilization Vol.2: From the Seventeenth Century" Columbia University Press 1996

22 Maeda, Yasuhiro, "Seoul bogo: Kim Ji-ha-ui yocheong (Report from Seoul:Request of Korean Poet Kim Ji-ha)" 3 (3): 113-119, 1975

23 Shin, Gi-wook, "Rethinking Historical Injustice and Reconciliation in Northeast Asia: The Korean experience" Routledge 1-14, 2007

24 Barret, Susan, "Policy and Action, edited by Susan Barret and Colin Fudge" Methuen 3-32, 1981

25 Choi, Chungmoo, "Perilous Memories: The Asia-Pacific War(s)" Duke University Press 395-409, 2001

26 Ricoeur, Paul, "Oneself as Another" University of Chicago Press 1992

27 Halbwachs, Maurice, "On Collective Memory" University of Chicago Press 1992

28 Eckert, Carter J., "Offspring of Empire : The Koch’ang Kims and the Colonial Origins of Korean Capitalism, 1876–1945" University of Washington Press 1991

29 Kedourie, Elie, "Nationalism" Hutchinson 1960

30 Smith, Anthony D., "National Identity" University of Nevada Press 1991

31 Kim, Chang-sik, "Minjoksa-wa bogwon-gwa minjok hon-ui buhwal-eul wihayeo: Jo Jeong-rae-ui Arirang (For the Restoration of National History and the Resurrection of National Spirit: Jo Jeong-rae’s Arirang)" 20 (20): 303-323, 1996

32 Foucault, Michel, "Michel Foucault : Film and Popular Memory" 11 (11): 24-29, 1975

33 Sturken, Marita, "Memory, Consumerism and Media : Reflections on the Emergence of the Field" 1 (1): 73-78, 2008

34 Johnson, Chalmers, "MITI and the Japanese Miracle : The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975" Stanford University Press 1982

35 Jun, Seong Ho, "Korean Expansion and Decline from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century : A View Suggested by Adam Smith" 68 (68): 244-282, 2008

36 Hahn, Bae ho, "Korea-Japan Relations in the 1970s" 20 (20): 1087-1097, 1980

37 Cumings, Bruce, "Korea at the Center: Dynamics of Regionalism in Northeast Asia" M.E. Sharpe 75-91, 2006

38 Kim, Gyeong-eun, "Joseon chongdokbu geonmul cheolgeo gyeoljeong-eun eotteoke irueojyeonna (How the Decision to Demolish the Former Japanese Government-General Building was Made)" Hangukhak jungang yeonguwon (Academy of Korean Studies Press) 2020

39 Im, Eunjin, "Jo Jeong-rae ‘Yi Yeonghun gyosu-ege baeuneun haksaeng-deuri bulssang’ (Jo Jeong-rae, ‘I Pity the Students who Learn from Professor Yi Yeong-hun’)"

40 Kim, Jeongeun, "Jo Jeong-rae ‘Arirang’ myujikeollo bonda(Watching Jo Jeong-rae’s ‘Arirang’ as a Musical)"

41 Kim, Hong N., "Japanese-Korean Relations in the 1980s" 27 (27): 497-514, 1987

42 Yamazaki, Jane, "Japanese Apologies World War II : A Rhetorical Study" Routledge 2006

43 Han, Jung-Sun, "Japan in the Public Culture of South Korea, 1945–2000s : The Making and Remaking of Colonial Sites and Memories" 15 (15): 1-19, 2014

44 Said, Edward W., "Invention, Memory, and Place" 26 (26): 175-192, 2000

45 Anderson, Benedict, "Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism" Verso 1983

46 Heo, Suyeol, "Ilje chogi joseon-ui nongeop : Singminji geundaehwaron-ui nongeop gaeballon-eul bipanhanda(Korean Agriculture in the Early Japanese Imperial Period)" Hangilsa 2011

47 Sneider, Daniel C., "History Textbooks and the Wars in Asia" Routledge 246-268, 2011

48 An, Byeong-jik, "Hanguk geunhyeondaesa yeongu-ui saeroun paereodaim (A New Paradigm in the Study of Korea’s Modern and Contemporary History)" 98 : 39-58, 1997

49 Lie, John, "Han Unbound : The Political Economy of South Korea" Stanford University Press 1998

50 Yun, Geoncha, "Gyochakdoen sasang-ui hyeondaesa : 1945-nyeon ihu-ui hanguk, ilbon, jaeil joseonin(Deadlocked Thoughts in Contempoary History : Korea, Japan, and Korean Residents in Japan after 1945)" Changbi 2009

51 Yi, Yeong-hun, "Gwanggi seorin jeungo-ui yeoksa soseolga Jo Jeong-rae: Daeha soseol ‘Arirang’-eul jungsim-euro (Historical Novelist with Preposterous Hatred Jo Jeong-rae: A Study of Arirang)" (Summer) : 260-281, 2007

52 Larson, James F., "Global Television and the Politics of the Seoul Olympics" Westview Press 1993

53 Mitani, Hiroshi, "East Asia’s Haunted Present: Historical Memories and the Resurgence of Nationalism" Greenwood Publishing Group 83-93, 2008

54 Kang, Sungwoo, "Dong asia-dongbuk-a-sin dongbuk-a II (East Asia-Northeast Asia-New Northeast Asia II)" Neo 203-225, 2015

55 Yang, Daqing, "Convergence or Divergence? Recent Historical Writings on the Rape of Nanjing" 104 (104): 842-865, 1999

56 Pai, Hyung Il, "Constructing"Korean"Origins : A Critical Review of Archaeology, Historiography, and Racial Myth in Korean State-Formation Theories" Harvard University Press 2000

57 Rhyu, Sang-yong, "Changing Dynamics in Korea-Japan Economic Relations : Policy Ideas and Development Strategies" 46 (46): 195-214, 2006

58 Nora, Pierre, "Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Memoire" 26 : 7-24, 1989

59 Wachtel, Nathan, "Between Memory and History" Harwood Academic Publishers 1-18, 1990

60 Yi, Yeong-hun, "Ban-il jongjokjuui: Daehan minguk wigi-ui geunwon (Anti-Japanese Tribalism: The Root of Korea’s Crisis)" Mirae 2019

61 Jo, Jeong-rae, "Arirang. 12 vols" Haenaem 1994

62 Cho, Nam-hyeon, "Arirang yeongu (A Study on the Novel Arirang)" Haenaem 15-47, 1996

63 Jarausch, Konrad H., "After Unity: Reconfiguring German Identities" Berghahn Books 1-23, 1997

64 Han, Taehwan, "A Comparison of Industrial Policies between Japan and Korea: The Roles of MITI and EPB in Heavy and Automobile Industries Promotion" University of Hawai’i 1998

65 Kim, Hyeongi, "2017 myujikeol ‘Arirang’ (The 2017 Musical ‘Arirang’)"