Evaluation of carpool demonstration projects : phase I report

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY = ⅴ
• Project Objectives = ⅴ
• Content of the Phase Ⅰ Report = ⅴ
• Key Findings = ⅵ
• INTRODUCTION = 1
• Background = 1
• Project Objectives and Approach = 2
• Current Status = 5
• Report Organization = 5
• EVOLUTION OF FHWA ACTIVITIES IN RIDESHARING = 9
• Scope of FHWA Ridesharing Encouragement Activities = 9
• Emergency Highway-Energy Conservation Act = 10
• Federal - Aid Highway Amendments of 1974 = 11
• Federal - Aid Highway Act of 1976 = 12
• Ridesharing, An Integral Element of TSM = 12
• CARPOOL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS = 15
• General Response to the Demonstration Program = 15
• Project Locations and Costs = 15
• Project Organization and Staffing = 32
• Project Elements Used = 38
• Carpool Matching Techniques = 43
• Employer Marketing Techniques = 45
• Employee and General Public Marketing = 47
• CARPOOL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IMPACTS = 51
• Evaluation Methods Used by Individual Projects = 51
• Evaluation Deficiencies = 53
• Standard Impact Calculation Methodology = 57
• Commuter Exposure to Ridesharing Encouragement = 64
• Direct Impacts on Carpool Matching Applicants = 66
• Broader Impacts of Ridesharing Promotion = 70
• Characteristics of new Carpoolers = 72
• Vehicle Miles of Travel Impacts = 76
• Cost Effectiveness of Demonstration Projects = 80
• Energy Conservation Impacts = 82
• Vehicle Operating Cost Impacts = 85
• Commuter Parking Demand Reduction Impacts = 91
• Conclusions = 91
• INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS IN AREAWIDE RIDESHARING PROGRAMS = 95
• Introduction = 95
• Why Not More Projects? = 95
• Why Not More Comprehensive Projects? = 101
• Recommendations = 114
• GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVED PROJECT EVALUATIONS = 117
• Major Evaluation Objectives = 117
• Basic Experimental Design = 118
• The Mode Change process = 122
• Measures of Effectiveness = 124
• Data Collection Procedures = 125
• FORECASTING TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS = 143
• Disaggregate Travel Demand Models = 143
• Vanpool Forecast Based on Aggregate Planning Data = 157
• Service Area Identification Methodology = 158
• Traffic Operations Models = 161
• Prospects = 168
• APPENDIX A - SAMPLE SIZE REQUIREMENTS AND VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY = 169
• Sample Sizes for Differences Between Two Proportions = 169
• Sample Sizes for Differences Between Two Means = 174
• Data Needed for Vehicle Miles of Travel Estimates = 178
• Example Calculations = 179
• APPENDIX B - TELEPHONE SURVEY INFORMATION = 183
• Instructions for Interviewer = 183
• Interviewers Log = 195
• General Public Survey = 197
• Non-Applicant Survey = 199
• Applicant Survey = 201