This study was performed to investigate and compare the effects of surrounding landuse activities on stormwater runoff from roadways and nonpoint pollutants removal equipments in Korea. Two separate monitoring stations were selected in Unhakdong and W...
This study was performed to investigate and compare the effects of surrounding landuse activities on stormwater runoff from roadways and nonpoint pollutants removal equipments in Korea. Two separate monitoring stations were selected in Unhakdong and Wangsanri sites that were paved by No.45 roadways type. In case of Unhakdong (Site1) elevated roadway site, it does not include any surrounding landuse, whereas, Wangsanri (Site2) roadway site includes gas stations, accommodations, restaurant, and mountain. Periodic monitoring was conducted for total of twelve stormwater events from June-November, 2011. Water quality parameters such as electric conductivity, pH, temperature, and turbidity were measured in situ using field instruments (Model No. Horiba U-10), whereas, other pollutants such as, TOC, CODmn, SS, T-N, T-P, Chloride, n-H, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd were analyzed in laboratories according to standard method. The rainfall mechine(Model No. HB 3207-09) was installed at Site1 and Site2. The runoff flow was measured using automatic flow meter (model: PCM F) in Site1, whereas, in Site2, flow meter was used manually and was calculated for every 1~2 minute interval. In Site1, the concentration tendency decreased gradually for most of the pollutants after 1~2 hours of rainfall. In later period of rainfall event, the flow rate was increased, but pollutants didn’t show tendency to increase in concentration. Therefore, Site1 showed first flush effect (higher concentrations of pollutants at the beginning of runoff events). In Site 2, the majority of the pollutants concentration decreased in the initial period of stormwater event but in the later period, the concentration level increased or decreased with the flow rate change. As results of comparison of EMCs on road runoff of Site1 and Site2, it showed a significant difference of EMCs in monitoring sites. Overall, in Site2, EMC values of TOC, COD, SS, TN, TP, Cl-, n-H, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd were averagely 2.6times, 2.6times, 4.6times, 1.5times, 3.4times, 5.5times, 168times, 2.7times, 1.7times, 4.6times, and 1.2times higher than Site1. It means that Site2 is affected by surrounding the land use, though traffic volume in Site1 was almost 1.5 times higher than Site2.
In this study, evaluation of nonpoint pollutants removal equipment, performance was also observed. In Site1, removal efficiency of Continuous Deflective Separation (CDS) was 37.53%, 28.47%, and 34.52% (maximum, minimum, average) and the can be compared to SS range 30~70% of common removal, whereas, Stormfilter did not operate well. it did not range in SS removal efficiency, it shows that nonpoint removal equipment in roadways installed for first flush effect.
The results showed that roadway runoff became a mean of transportation for various pollutants due to micro landuse effect. After first flush effect, the change in pollutants concentration were also observed with rainfall variation which restricts and limits the nonpoint pollutant removal equipments efficiency. because those were designed considering first flush effect. Therefore this study suggests that surrounding landuse consideration in urban stormwater runoff is important characteristic to design, manage and control roadway runoff.