조약의 사법심사 = Judicial Review of Treaty - Focused on U.S. Experience

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article is to analyze legal issues on judicial review of treaty in U.S. and provide in depth and possible interpretation on judicial review of treaty in Korea. First, the concept, form, characteristics, effect, and termination of treaty is to be analyzed. Second, the general status and the legal issues about executive agreement in U.S. is to be reviewed. Third, judicial review of treaty which solves the current and potential problems on constitutional cases such as Free Trade Agreement between Korea and U.S. is to be reviewed.
There are several characteristics to represent judicial review of treaty in U.S. The form and method stipulated in Constitution is not the only way of a treaty. Nowadays, it is common to follow congressional executive agreement. The Supreme Court has recognized that two types of treaties exist. Treaties may be either non executing that is a ratified treaty requires implementing legislation before it takes effect as domestic law or self executing that is a ratified treaty, which takes effect as domestic law immediately upon ratification. The possibility of judicial review of treaty would be sometimes denied as foreign affairs or apolitical issues, otherwise it would be sometimes accepted because it is not required expertise and it is essentially meaningless without judicial enforcement.
We think it is difficult to accept flexible way to make treaties because we adopt strict interpretation to a written constitution and to form a single parliament system. It is also difficult to adopt dichotomy of executory or self executory treaty that is unique in U.S. It could be needed, however, to think whether later legislation obligations imposed on treaties or not. A little more in depth discussion for the Constitutional Court would be needed. Whether the possibility of judicial review of treaty or not, and if judicial review of treaty is possible, for the scope of judicial review, it is desirable to consider the understanding of the situation after treaty.
Today, treaty correlates guarantee of the individual rights. This research is expected to help development to identify judicial review of treaty and set up concrete rule of it.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 조약
• Ⅲ. 행정협정
• Ⅳ. 조약에 대한 사법심사
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• 〈ABSTRACT〉