Solutions for Improvement Public Transport Services in Bishkek

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Today, the cities of the world face serious challenges in the field of land management, ecology and the development of efficient public transport systems.
To solve these problems and prevent their recurrence in the future, administrations in many cities are developing and implementing transport master plans, strategies, and plans for sustainable urban mobility. They include various solutions from public transport corridors (for example, LRT and BRT) to the transport infrastructure of the last kilometer (bike lanes or bike paths, automated bicycle rental systems, and electric scooters).
The relevance of the topic arose in connection with the increasing migration mobility of the population of Kyrgyzstan from one region to another in order to find new opportunities and improve the quality of life. The city of Bishkek, as the capital of the country, is the most attractive place to meet these needs.
At the same time, the transport infrastructure of Bishkek does not meet modern requirements and cannot cope with the increased traffic flow. This is primarily due to the increase in the population of the city and the level of motorization. On the other hand - weak coordination of policy in the field of development of urban transport infrastructure and inefficiency of planning and management of urban transport provision.
The purpose of this study was to focus on policy solutions to improve the public transport system of Bishkek city and especially the bus system. Thus, within the framework of this work, 1) factors affecting the level of public transport have been studied; 2) the experience of decision-making in the cities of Almaty and Singapore has been studied; 3) recommendations for improving the quality of urban transport services in Bishkek have been developed based on the experience of the two cities.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• LIST OF TABLE iv
• LIST OF FIGURE v
• Abstract vi
• Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1
• 1.1 Background 1
• 1.2 Urbanization of Bishkek city 2
• 1.3 Problem statement 4
• 1.4 Mythology and research questions 7
• Chapter 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 9
• 2.1 Population and immigration of Bishkek city 9
• 2.1.1 Daytime population of the city 10
• 2.2 Public transport system if Bishkek city 11
• 2.2.1 Trolleybuses 11
• 2.2.2 Buses 13
• 2.2.3 Minibuses 15
• 2.2.4 Managing the public transportation system 17
• 2.3 City Hall 18
• 2.3.1 Transportation office 18
• 2.3.2 Bus fare system and e-ticketing integration 19
• 2.3.3 Street and road network 20
• 2.3.4 Passenger flow per day 20
• 2.4 Investments 21
• 2.5 Transport policy 22
• 2.6 Previous local studies on public transportation 25
• Chapter 3. CASE STUDY: 26
• SOLUTIONS IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR OF ALMATY-ATA 26
• 3.1 URBAN TRANSPORT IN ALMATY 26
• 3.2 THE STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY OF ALMATY 28
• 3.2.1 BRT system in Almaty 29
• 3.2.2 BRT implementation Results 36
• 3.2.3.Transport and ecology 37
• 3.2.4 Cycling project in Almaty 38
• 3.3 RESULTS OF THE STRATEGY 41
• Chapter 4. CASE STUDY: SINGAPORE TRANSPORT POLICY 42
• 4.1 Transport system in Singapore 42
• 4.1.1 Present 444.1.2 Passenger transport in Singapore - statistics and facts 46
• 4.1.3 Utilizing public transportation 46
• 4.1.4 Singapore's rail network 47
• 4.1.5 Access to transportation services 47
• 4.1.6 Bus service 49
• 4.1.7 Regulation of public transport 51
• 4.1.8 Intelligent system 51
• 4.2 Planning and strategy 52
• 4.2.1 Planning for success 52
• 4.2.2 Pragmatic planning 53
• 4.2.3 Stable Government 54
• 4.2.4 Sustainable transport 54
• Chapter 5. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 56
• 5.1 Singapore and Almaty today. 57
• 5.2 Analysis of the legislative policy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of public transport 60
• 5.2.1 Rules for private carriers do not provide security 61
• 5.2.2 Traffic rules in the Kyrgyz Republic do not increase road safety 62
• 5.2.3 Environmental regulations for vehicles do not comply with international standards 63
• 5.2.4 The law on a municipal property should be better secured 63
• 5.2.5 The Investment Law ensures equal treatment of foreign and national investors 64
• 5.2.6 The Law on Public-Private Partnership, which provides an opportunity for private-sector investment 65
• 5.2.7 Customs regulations may exempt environmentally friendly buses from import duties 67
• 5.3 A solution for the city using the PPP mechanism 68
• 5.3.1 New transport network of the city 68
• 5.3.2 Financial analysis of the proposed system 70
• 5.3.3 Public-Private Partnership 72
• Chapter 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 76
• 5.1 Conclusion 76
• 5.2 Recommendations 77