농업자유화에 있어 국가와 시장의 역할: 한국농촌문제에 대한 시사점을 중심으로 = The Role of the States and Markets in Agricultural Liberalization: In Search of Korean Solution

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The agricultural liberalization began in the mid 19th century in Great Britain and spread out to western European countries and their colonies. The first wave of agricultural liberalization had met resistances from rural societies of the continental European countries since the 1870s, when cheap grains of the new worlds crossed the Atlantic Ocean through the train and steamship transportation. The rural conflict continued into the 1930s when fascism arose in many continental European countries. This study compares the liberal, corporatist and fascist ways of rural conflict resolution. British and the US case were examined to understand liberal model of conflict resolution, Danish case was for corporatist model and the German case was for Fascist or protectionist model. The South Korean rural conflict in the midst of Korea US Free Trade negotiations is being examined in the context of world history of agricultural liberalization. South Korean agriculture of today is quite different from all three models but many similar factors are found in different historical contexts. The author tries to find Korean way of open economy and democracy through all these comparative historical studies. The concluding part of this report recommends South Koreans develop their capabilities both of liberal institutions and social welfare programs further to overcome social fragmentation. For example, they could ameliorate agrarian conflict by investing more in rural retirement programs as the 40% of farmers are over 60 years old. They could facilitate rural restructuring as the social conflict level diminished.