This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise passion on exercise engagement and grit among screen golf participants, thereby empirically investigating the psychological self-regulation mechanism in a non-face-to-face performance environment. A ...
This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise passion on exercise engagement and grit among screen golf participants, thereby empirically investigating the psychological self-regulation mechanism in a non-face-to-face performance environment. A survey was conducted with 256 users of screen golf facilities from April to November 2025. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Exercise passion had a significant positive effect on exercise engagement. Both obsessive and harmonious passion significantly influenced grit's sustained effort, whereas only harmonious passion positively affected the maintenance of interest. Behavioral and cognitive engagement predicted sustained effort, while only cognitive engagement significantly influenced interest maintenance. These findings suggest that passion and engagement formed in screen golf function as key psychological resources for grit, supporting the interpretation of screen golf as a psychological self-regulation system in non-face-to-face performance environments.