동유럽 각국의 시리아 난민정책 = Eastern Europe’s Policy to the Syrian Refugees

국문 초록 (Abstract)

유럽이 제2차 세계대전 이후 최대의 난민발생과 수용을 놓고 갈등을 겪고 있다. 시리아 내전으로 인해 난민들이 폭발적으로 늘어나면서 이들 난민은 전통적인 해상루트와 함께 발칸반도를 육상으로 올라가는 루트로 몰려들었다. 이들의
경유지인 마케도니아, 세르비아, 크로아티아, 헝가리, 슬로베니아 등 동유럽 국가들은 난민 이동과 수용과정에서 심각한 대내외적 도전에 직면했다. 난민들은 처음에는 서유럽으로 가는 경유지로 동유럽을 활용했으나 아예 동유럽 국가에
정착하려는 추세도 늘어나고 있다.
이 논문은 시리아 난민 사태로 동유럽 각국 정부가 어떻게 난민정책을 펴왔는지를 각 국가가 처한 상황에 따라 규명했다. 특히 정부의 정책형성의 환경적 요인인 동유럽 각국 국민들의 부정적인 난민 정서 및 정치적 정향도 아울러 다루었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The fall of communist system in Eastern Europe was the starting point of the change for liberal democracy and capitalism. Many Eastern Europeans believed the course would be completed by being member of European Union. Some Eastern European countries had successfully completed the adjustment process to the requirements of EU membership.
However the new EU member countries has experienced the rapid growth of populism. The most important concept of populism lies in the emphasis of the common people. This made the people that they are justice and the elites or
politicians are synonymous with moral evil or corruption. Populism tends to deteriorate the quality of liberal democracy.
This paper provides an analysis of the success of populism of New EU Member states of Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. These Parties with strong populist inclinations took reins the government.
For the moment, close monitoring should be needed. In the long run, EU may work as a constraint on the populism in Eastern Europe.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 들어가는 말
• 2. 난민 이동경로와 동유럽
• 2.1. 서(西)지중해 해상 루트
• 2.2. 중(中)지중해 해상 루트
• 2.3. 발칸 육상 루트와 동유럽
• 3. 난민에 대한 동유럽 국민의 정서
• 3.1. 동유럽 각국 국민의 난민에 대한 부정적 인식
• 3.2. 동유럽 각국의 난민 수용실태
• 4. 동유럽 각국의 난민정책
• 4.1. 강경한 난민정책: 비세그라드 4국과 크로아티아
• 4.2. 합리적 난민정책: 불가리아, 루마니아와 솅겐조약
• 4.3. 실용적 난민정책: 마케도니아, 세르비아와 EU가입
• 5. 맺는 말

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