Medical protection against chemical-warfare agents

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Introduction defences against chemical warfare = 1
• Ⅰ. Physical countermeasures = 1
• Ⅱ. Chemical countermeasures : decontamination = 4
• Ⅲ. Medical treatment of nerve-agent poisoning = 5
• Ⅳ. Future possibilities for medical protection against nerve agents = 7
• List of participants = 9
• Abstracts of papers = 12
• Trivial names, chemical names and structural formulae of some of the chemicals referred to in the text = 20
• Chapter 1. Clinical aspects of intoxication by cholinesterase inhibitors = 22
• Ⅰ. Symptoms and diagnosis of organophosphate poisoning = 22
• Ⅱ. Treatment of organophosphate poisoning = 25
• Ⅲ. Experimental work on therapeutic compounds = 26
• Chapter 2. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors : examples of their modes of action and their utility as scientific tools = 36
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 36
• Ⅱ. Effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on neuromuscular transmission = 36
• Ⅲ. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as scientific tools = 37
• Chapter 3. Success and failure of oxime therapy in acute poisoning by organophosphorus compounds = 46
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 46
• Ⅱ. Practical limitations of oxime therapy = 47
• Ⅲ. Other problems of oxime therapy = 50
• Chapter 4. The effects of antidotes in experimental animals intoxicated by carbamate and organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors = 53
• Ⅰ. Effects of cholinesterase inhibition = 53
• Ⅱ. Therapy of poisoning by cholinesterase inhibitors = 56
• Chapter 5. A comparative study of pralidoxime, obidoxime and trimedoxime in healthy men volunteers and in rats = 65
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 65
• Ⅱ. Comparative studies of oxime therapy = 65
• Chapter 6. Organophosphates and central cholinergic systems = 74
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 74
• Ⅱ. Time course of changes in brain acetylcholine level = 74
• Ⅲ. Possible central actions of enzyme reactivators = 75
• Ⅳ. Effect of atropine on brain acetylcholine = 79
• Chapter 7. Reactivation of phosphorylated brain cholinesterase in vivo = 82
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 82
• Ⅱ. Summary of experimental studies = 82
• Ⅲ. Discussion of results = 84
• Chapter 8. Kinetic studies on chemical reactions between acetylcholinesterase, toxic organophosphates and pyridinium oximes = 88
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 88
• Ⅱ. Reactivation and rephosphorylation = 88
• Ⅲ. The direct reaction : inhibition by soman = 95
• Chapter 9. Comparative studies of the protective effects of pyridinium compounds against organophosphate poisoning = 101
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 101
• Ⅱ. Materials and methods = 102
• Ⅲ. Results and discussion = 104
• Ⅳ. Conclusions = 108
• Chapter 10. Limitations of pharmacotherapy in organophosphate intoxications = 109
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 109
• Ⅱ. Pharmacotherapy = 109
• Ⅲ. Conclusions = 114
• Chapter 11. The possibility of complex therapy in acute dimethoate poisoning = 117
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 117
• Ⅱ. Methodology = 117
• Ⅲ. Discussion of results = 118
• Ⅳ. Conclusions = 119
• Chapter 12. The prophylactic value of oximes against organophosphate poisoning = 120
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 120
• Ⅱ. Experimental methods = 122
• Ⅲ. Results and discussion = 125
• Ⅳ. Conclusions = 131
• Chapter 13. An alternative therapy against organophosphate poisoning = 134
• Ⅰ. Limitations of oxime therapy = 134
• Ⅱ. An alternative approach : chemotherapy against respiratory paralysis = 135
• Ⅲ. Conclusions = 140
• Chapter 14. Some toxicological consequences of the alkylating action of organophosphorus compounds = 145
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 145
• Ⅱ. Alkylating reactions of organophosphates = 145
• Chapter 15. Blood and brain cholinesterase activity in human death cases, in normal human subjects and in some laboratory and domestic animals = 151
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 151
• Ⅱ. Experimental methods = 151
• Ⅲ. Results = 154
• Chapter 16. Medical protection against chemical-warfare agents = 157
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 157
• Ⅱ. Existing methods of treatment and their effectiveness = 158
• Ⅲ. Current research on treatment of organophosphorus poisoning = 161
• Ⅳ. The need for further research = 165