The purpose of this study is to analyze the new Architectural Space since 1980’s in view of the Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology. Space was a important subject in field of architectural discourse about modern architecture in the 20th century. Modern ar...
The purpose of this study is to analyze the new Architectural Space since 1980’s in view of the Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology. Space was a important subject in field of architectural discourse about modern architecture in the 20th century. Modern architects who wished to define architecture newly presented a new paradigm in architecture through the concept of new space. By the next, a change of the concept of space had been discussed as continuously requiring a method of new approach and change about architecture. However, since 1960s, a discussion of architecture about the concept of space in architectural discourse was gradually disappeared. It is because that the concept of new space was not proposed since the modern architecture and was considered much more importantly a sign or a type than space by the appearance of Post-modernism. The Post-modernism's architects prefer a traditional form, the image and memory of the past etc..to space and displayed it in the form of a collage. Therefore, the history of Post-modernism have become the history of style in secret. The form of these history had received the interpretation from semiology, but reduced the architecture to the system of superficial sign in spite of inter-relation between space and event.
Populism, Neo-Rationalism, Post-Modernism, Critical Regionalism, High-Tech Architecture, Productivism, Contextualism, and Deconstructivism Architectual ideology have made the concept of space disappeared out of the discussion of architecture since 1960's. In this way, as it is gradually decreased a cognition about the importance of space in architecture, the human as subject of space, which is experienced by the perception has been pushed in field of discourse of architecture. Nowadays, the architects have been more interested in the problem of it's cognition or perception than building itself. In addition, as we have overcome the limit of concept of space of modern architecture and extended it's meaning and the concept of new architectural space has emerged since 1980's, what perspective to use to interpret it became a very important assignment for us.
Because the concept of space has characteristics such as space by body, fragmental space, accidental and eventual space by that human movement and the like, it is difficult to explain it using the concept of space of modern architecture.
This study is to help better understand how the concept of space of modern architecture has developed, what the characteristics of the concept of architectural space have been since 1980's, and how important the space is from an architectural point of view. For this, we wish to examine the concept of new space since 1980's in relationship between minimalism and Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology.
Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology is a philosophy which exposes an intertwining and inter-subjective relationship between the space and human who lives in the space and which accepts the accidental event caused by human's movement as it is. By Merleau-Ponty, all the theory of perception premise theory of body. for him, body-consciousness(le corps propre) is possessor of potential cognition, and the hidden knowledge about the world of things which has perceived. Our Body is not the vessel which is containing consciousness simply, but as the incarnated consciousness, it is coexisting with the world, history and the others essentially. In this way, the way of existence in Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology have a influence on the minimalism of contemporary plastic art deeply, and took an important role in forming the concept of architectural space since 1980's.
First, the progress of this study is to investigate the concept of Merleau- Ponty's phenomenological space on the theoretical basis of Merleau-ponty's Phenomenology. And then, to understand how to appear these concept of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological space in fine plastic art and architectural field, we wishes to investigate the relationship between minimalism in fine plastic art and Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology, the concept of phenomenological space and the concept of architectural space which appear since 1980's through Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology. I'll investigate how these concepts of space have been applied to the actual architectural space analyzing works, which were made by the architects' in 1980's. We wishes to consider the possibility of applying the concept of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological space as presenting new perspective about space to the architecture and understanding the concept of contemporary architectural space.
In conclusion, we could understand the concept of contemporary architectural space, which is fragmental, accidental and eventual by analyzing actual architectural space since 1980's on the basis of the concept of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological space. It has developed as overcoming the limit of concept of modern architectural space and proposing the concept of new space.
First, It is a construction of space by human's body. It is the common characteristics of the concept of new space since 1980's. So it can be considered to display the concept of phenomenological space, which regard the perceptual actions between space and human as a whole.
Second, It is a construction of space by human's movement. When human's movement which is premising every perception, so to speak, utilization of body is yet primitive expression and when our perceptual style is the bodily manner of exploration into the world ; the space of architecture does as such through the body. Human's movement creates the space with accidental events and dynamic energy of various experience. Architects also wish to make the space, which can develop for itself, by proposing their own intimate spaces to users. These interior space does sensitive interaction with human's movement.
Third, It is a construction of space by fragment. The fragmental space adapts to the earth as it is broken into parts of independent objets, which have independent esthetics and identity. These fragmental space retains each a nature of center of space, and always exist a human' body in that space. Also, fragmental spaces which make a single mass out of independent elements create an accumulation of public which is invisible.
Fourth, It seeks the spirit of place. The architecture inspire the spirit of place which hold in the place, and reveal the invisible present field. New buildings construct the space of time on traces which this place is holding, and echo the invisible thickness of old traces which the place is holding.
In this way, the concept of architectural space since 1980's expose an interwining and inter-subjective relationship between the space and human who have lived in the space, and appear architectural space of the accidental event which is caused by human's movement.
We can observe that It'll be possible to equally apply the way of existence in Merleau- Ponty's phenomenology to the concept of contemporary architectural space as investigating these concept of phenomenological space. And we'll be become a opportunity of recognizing about the space.