아프리카중심주의 시각에서 바라본 아프리카 철 기술의 발명에 관한 고찰

국문 초록 (Abstract)

많은 학자가 아프리카의 철 기술이 아프리카 외부에서 유입되었다는 데 대해서 일반적으로 동의하고 있지만 여러 학자가 서부 아프리카와 사하라 이남 아프리카에서 철 기술이 독자적으로 발생했고 발전했다고 주장하고 있다.
아프리카 철 기술 기원에 관한 논의에서 우리가 주목해야 할 점은 첫째, 기술은 시간과 대륙을 가로질러 다양한 변화가 발생할 수 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 기술은 동시에 기술, 경제, 사회, 이념, 그리고 정치적인 체제와 함께 이해해야 한다는 것이다. 기술체계는 문화와 사회에 서로 영향을 주고 영향을 받는다. 지금까지 확인한 것은 아프리카 철 기술의 복잡성과 다양성은 결코 충분히 인정받지 못했다는 것이다.
아프리카인이 철 기술을 독자적으로 발명했는가의 문제는 여전히 현재진행형이며 계속해서 연구를 진행해야 할 것으로 보인다. 그러나 아프리카의 철 기술이 지역적, 민족적, 인구통계학적 배경을 바탕으로 독자적으로 다양한 모습으로 발전했다는 것은 분명하다. 서구의 인식은 아프리카는 기술적으로 발전하지 못했다는 전제하에 아프리카 철 기술을 하나의 모습으로 기술하는 것은 올바른 역사 인식과 태도라고 볼 수 없다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Many scholars have generally agreed that African iron technology has been introduced from outside Africa, but several scholars have argued that iron technology originated and developed in West Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. The first thing to note in the discussion of the origins of African iron technology is that, first, technology can undergo a variety of changes across time and continent. Second, technology must be understood at the same time as technology, economy, society, ideology, and political system. Technological systems influence each other in culture and society. What we have confirmed so far is that the complexity and diversity of African iron technology has never been fully appreciated. The question of whether the Africans independently invented the iron technology is still ongoing and seems to require further research. It is evident, however, that African iron technology has evolved in its own way, based on regional, ethnic and demographic backgrounds. The West’s perception is that it is not a correct historical perception and attitude to describe African iron technology as a separate form on the premise that Africa has not developed technologically.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 들어가는 글
• 2. 아프리카인의 기술 혁신과 발전에 대한 논쟁
• 3. 아프리카 철 기술의 독자적 발명과 발전에 관한 논쟁
• 4. 아프리카중심주의 시각에서 바라본 아프리카철 기술의 발명에 관한 주장
• 5. 결론
• 〈참고문헌〉
• 국문초록
• Abstract

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