都市開發 과 農地保全 = The Development of Cities and Farmland Integrity

국문 초록 (Abstract)

國土面積은 增加하고 있으나 農地面積은 해마다 減少하여 食糧自給度는 60%로 低下되었고 外穀導入量은 年間 500萬 M/T에 이르고 있다.
都市化에 따른 産業構造의 變化로 農家人口는 지난 10年 동안 400萬名이 減少하여 總人口에 대하여 28.94%에 不過하며 2001年에는 10%線까지 減少될 것으로 예상된다. 營農形態도 主穀生産의 沓 田作農은 減少하고 高級農産物의 生産에 從事하는 農家가 增加하는 傾向이다.
人口增加와 經濟成長에 따른 急進的인 都市化의 進展은 大都市의 人口集中과 各都市地域의 過大擴張을 가져오게 되었고 따라서 食糧의 生産基盤인 農地를 蠶食케 되었다. 한편으로는 土地의 假需要로 地價의 上昇과 土地의 投機現象까지 일으켜서 都市外廓土地는 勿論 一部近郊農村에 이르기까지 土地의 遊休化∼非合理的인 保全 및 管理, 不必要한 轉用等土地資源의 浪費와 非效率的인 利用을 招來하게 되었다.
그러나 世界的인 食糧難은 食糧의 武器化로 代替되고 있으며 食糧輸入國에서는 食糧自給問題를 安保次元에서 解決하려고 하고 있다. 그러나 稀少資源으로서의 農地保全에만 지나치게 執着한다는 것은 健全한 都市計劃과 産業發展을 制約하기도 하므로 國土開發의 綜合的인 計劃을 效果的으로 推進해야 할 것이다.
따라서 都市計劃에 있어서는 絶對農地의 轉用은 一切不許하고 都市計劃區域內에서도 生産綠地의 轉用은 억제해야 한다. 또한 不要不急한 用地는 開發이 切實히 要求될 때까지 本來의 用地로 利用하여 農地의 浪費를 없애고 土地의 假需要와 投機를 억제하는 制度를 補强하여 旣存 農地의 蠶食을 最小化해야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Year by year, our national land area is on the increase, but our farmland area is on the decrease. The result is that selfsufficiency rate in food grain is diminished by 60%, and our foreign imported grain runs up 5,000,000 M/T a year. Owing to the change of industrial structure in company with urbanization, the last ten years have witnessed 4 million decrease in our agricultural population. Now, the agricultural populatien is no more than 28.94% as against the total population, and we suspect that it is only 10% in 2001. An agricultural management form has changed out of the production form of a major food grain-paddy and dry field farming-to the production form of a high quality agricultural products.
The rapid progress of urbanization caused by the growth of population and economy has brought about the gravitation of population toward large cities and the expansion of urban areas. So it has encroached upon arable land. Disguised demand in land was so great that its price was raised high and speculative phenomina in it were found. These phenomina caused the waste and inefficiency of land, namely a keeping land idle, an irrelative integrity and control, and needless diversion.
On account of the world-wide food shortage, many countries have armed with food, and so food importing countries try to solve the problem of food self-support by the national security demansion, However, if we excessively hold to the farmland integrity as scarce resources, we may restrict the sound urban planning and industrial development. Therefore, the all-out plan of land development should be carried out effectively. In the urban planning, the diversions of absolute farmland must be denied, and also in the urban planning area the diversions of productive green belt should be restricted thoroughly.
In order to prevent farmland from waste, the land that can be waited should be used like original land until the development of that land is required earnestly, and for the purpose of reducing the invasion of existing farmland, the system to hold down the disguised demand and speculation in land have to be reinforced.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序 言
• Ⅱ. 國土의 利用
• 1. 農業的 土地利用
• 2. 營農形態의 變遷
• 가) 兼業農의 增加
• 나) 業態別農家의 변천
• Ⅲ. 都市圈의 擴大
• 1. 都市化의 槪念
• 2. 都市圈의 擴大와 土地投機
• 3. 地價昻騰과 農地의 遊休化
• Ⅳ. 農地保全의 必要性
• 1. 農地利用의 展望
• 2. 食糧生産과 需要
• 3. 農地蠶食과 保全
• Ⅴ. 要 約