1980년대 한국에서 유전공학의 등장과 제도화

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the 1980s, biology in South Korea witnessed a punctuated and rapid development. It shifted from the traditional, basic study of taxonomy, morphology, and embryology to advanced applied research in molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology. As genetic engineering, which belongs to molecular biology, was recognized for its economic and industrial value, biology was included in Korean national science and technology policy for the first time. Genetic engineering, which began to be known through media in the mid and late 1970s, was incorporated into the national research and development program in 1982 and then institutionalized by law from 1983 to 1985; thus, the Genetic Engineering Center of the Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), its related departments and university research institutes, and annex and corporate research facilities were established.
This thesis analyzed the process by which national policies, universities, research institutes, and laws developed in South Korea from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, after the introduction of genetic engineering. It investigated the role of the state; the political, scientific, and industrial communities; research institutes; and the media as agents in the development of genetic engineering policy and research; it traced how they came to include the then unfamiliar field of genetic engineering in the science and technology policies and institutions of the 1980s.
This thesis consists of two parts. Chapters 1 to 3 examine the process of genetic engineering development in Korea, including its introduction and the objectives of national policies and institutionalization. Chapters 4 to 6 investigate the institutionalization of genetic engineering as these were expressed in scientific exploration, education, and industrialization. As a conclusion, it asserts that in South Korea, there was a boom in genetic engineering in the 1980s, whose substance was the institutionalization of this field.
The advent and institutionalization of genetic engineering in the 1980s in South Korea was not unilaterally led by the government but developed through the interaction of various agents such as the political, scientific, and industrial communities; it involved compressed growth within a comparatively short period of time, as each policy interacted and triggered a chain reaction. The process of institutionalizing genetic engineering followed, in particular, a different course from that of the advanced countries. While genetic engineering discourse and institutionalization in advanced countries were based on long-standing scientific achievements, these emerged in South Korea when even the term “genetic engineering” was novel. The advent and spread of the term occurred through the press and mass media and not through the scientific community or journals. Therefore, the early discussion on genetic engineering in Korea had a social and political meaning rather than an academic one.
The process of promoting genetic engineering in South Korea focused on institutionalization itself, while in the advanced countries it centered on technology development through universities and research institutes. The background and superficial purpose of genetic engineering was technology development, but the process and result of polices was institutionalization. For instance, the logic was that manpower should precede technology development and the department creation in Universities should precede manpower cultivation. As a result, various forms of institutionalization were established, including national policies, laws, departments, and research institutes that were related to genetic engineering. In particular, the Genetic Engineering Promotion Act and genetic engineering departments, which were rarely seen in other countries, emerged. Although this institutionalization of genetic engineering did not result in immediate scientific achievements, it became a springboard for biotechnology in South Korea during the 1990s.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT ⅰ
• 서론 1
• 1. 문제제기 1
• 2. 논문의 주요 내용 10
• 1장 유전공학 담론의 태동 15
• 1. 언론의 가십으로 시작한 유전공학 이슈화 16
• 2. 언론 보도의 변화와 유전공학 담론의 전개 28
• 3. 유전공학 담론에 담긴 과학계의 의도 40
• 2장 유전공학정책의 형성 57
• 1. 새로운 정책의제 형성의 기회 58
• 2. 유전공학 정책의제의 형성 64
• 3. 특정연구개발사업과 연구기반의 조성 86
• 3장 유전공학육성법의 제정 108
• 1. 과학정치가 이상희와 유전공학 특별법의 추진 109
• 2. 유전공학 특별법에 대한 엇갈린 시각 133
• 3. 유전공학육성법의 제정과 의의 146
• 4장 유전공학센터의 설립 161
• 1. 유전공학센터 설립을 둘러싼 각계의 논쟁 162
• 2. 서로 다른 두 유전공학센터의 설립 184
• 5장 대학의 유전공학 학과 및 부설 연구소의 설립 200
• 1. 유전공학 인력양성에 대한 요구 202
• 2. 유전공학 학과의 설립 210
• 3. 대학 부설 유전공학연구소의 설립 220
• 6장 유전공학의 산업화 233
• 1. 한국유전공학연구조합의 산업화 활동 234
• 2. 기업부설연구소의 산업화 활동 248
• 결론 265
• 참고문헌 278