Recently, CMOS logic technology, based on the conventional Si FinFET structure, is facing performance limitations at most advanced technology nodes, due to the challenge of continuous physical scaling. Horizontal gate-all-around (GAA) Nanosheet (NS) s...
Recently, CMOS logic technology, based on the conventional Si FinFET structure, is facing performance limitations at most advanced technology nodes, due to the challenge of continuous physical scaling. Horizontal gate-all-around (GAA) Nanosheet (NS) structures have already been proposed to answer logic device scaling needs by offering excellent electrostatics and short channel control. One of the key technical processes to make GAA structure is a selective etching process, which removes only the sacrificial material in the multilayer stack structure. In this dissertation, the phenomena of selective etching between Si and Si1-xGex during wet etching and dry etching processes as well as their selective etching mechanisms were studied.
First, the selective wet etching of Si1-xGex with HNO3/HF-based chemical etchants in single- and Si/Si1-xGex multi-layer structures was investigated. The etch rates of Si1-xGex layer with various Ge concentration were measured at the chemical etchants with different mixing concentrations. When the Ge concentration of Si1-xGex was high, the etching rate increased; the effect of Ge concentration on Si1-xGex selective etching was explained by the difference in the bond dissociation energies of the Si-Ge bonds, Ge-Ge bonds and Si-Si bonds and also by the injection of holes during wet etching. The lateral etching of Si1-xGex in Si/Si1-xGex multilayers was also analyzed to understand the selective etching mechanism. The presence of Si increased the etch rate and selectivity of Si1-xGex by additional hole injection from valence band of Si.
In the next section, a study of Si selective etching versus Si1-xGex in TMAH etchant was conducted. The mechanism of selective etching was studied through compositional analysis of the etched Si1-xGex surface with various Ge concentrations. When the Ge concentration was high, the Si etch rate decreased because the formation of the OH bond was inhibited. As TMAH was an anisotropic etchant with different etching rates depending on the surface orientation, the addition of surfactant such as Triton in TMAH solution was tested; the addition of Triton was found to affect surface roughness and etching selectivity.
Finally, the selective dry etching of Si1-xGex layer over Si layer in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) tools with CF4–based gas in single- and Si/Si1-xGex multi-layer structures was investigated. As the source power and working pressure increased, the Si1-xGex and Si etch rates increased. When O2 was added to CF4, the etch rate became faster or slower depending on the ratio of CF4/O2. In addition, the structural effects were studied in both wet and dry methods. The etch rate changed depending on the thickness and direction of the etched layer. In summary, this study provides a detailed description of the selective etching for the fabrication of 3D GAA structure.