어머니의 대화방식과 유아의 일상적 내러티브 발달의 관계

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 우리나라 어머니와 유아 간의 일상적 내러티브 대화에서 자녀의 일상적 내러티브를 이끌어내기 위해 사용하는 어머니의 대화방식과 유아의 일상적 내러티브 발달의 관계를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 만 4,5세 48명의 유아와 그들의 어머니 48명으로 총 48쌍을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과 첫째, 어머니의 대화방식은 ‘정교한 방식’과 ‘반복적 방식’으로 나타났으며, 정교한 방식의 요소는 정교화 진술, 정교화 질문, 평가, 길이 이고, 반복적 방식의 요소는 반복 진술, 반복 질문, 문장 완성형 진술 및 질문, 기억자극으로 나타났다. 유아의 개인적 변인에 따른 어머니 대화방식의 차이를 살펴보면 유아의 연령과 성별에 따라 어머니의 대화방식은 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 유아의 일상적 내러티브 발달 수준을 분석한 결과 유아의 성별, 연령에 따라 유아의 일상적 내러티브 발달은 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 어머니의 대화방식과 유아의 일상적 내러티브 발달 수준의 관계를 알아본 결과, 정교한 방식은 각 하위요소인 정교화 진술, 정교화 질문, 평가, 길이에서 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적 경향성을 살펴본 결과 어머니의 대화방식 중 정교한 방식에서 정교화 진술, 정교화 질문, 평가, 길이의 요소 모두 유아의 일상적 내러티브 발달 수준이 4수준에 이르기까지는 증가하는 경향을 보이다가 4수준이 넘어서면 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study purposed to examine the relation between Korean mothers’ conversational styles for inducing children’s personal narrative in their daily conversation with young children and the development of young children’s personal narrative and, ultimately, to provide basic materials for exploring mothers’ conversational styles helpful for the development of young children’s personal narrative. For this purpose, research questions were formulated as follows: 1. How is mothers’ conversational styles ? 1-1. What are the major factors of mothers’ conversational styles? 1-2. How different is mothers’ conversational styles according to the personal variables of young children (age, gender)? 2. How is the development of young children’s personal narrative? 3. How is the relation between mothers’ conversational styles and the development of young children’s personal narrative? The subjects of this study were 17 four‐year‐old children (9 boys and 9 girls) and 31 five‐year‐old children (15 boys and 16 girls), so a total of 48 young children at K Kindergarten in Wonju‐si, Gangwon‐do and their mothers, so a total of 48 pairs of mother‐child. In order to identify mothers’ conversational styles for inducing children’s personal narrative, we used the analysis tool used in the research of Resse and Fivush (1993). The tool for analyzing the development of children’s personal narrative was the standard for analyzing the development of children’s personal narrative suggested by Lee Yeong‐ja and Lee Ji‐hyeon (2005) based on the result of Peterson & McCabe and McCabe (1997). All the research process was recorded and transcribed. From transcribed data were obtained frequencies and percentages according to the research questions, and factor analysis was conducted to identify mothers’ conversational style. Difference in mothers’ conversational styles according to children’s personal variables was determined through t‐test, and the development of personal narrative was examined according to children’s gender and age. Lastly, we made trend analysis through one way ANOVA to determine the relation between mothers’ conversational style and the development of young children’s personal narrative. The results of this study are as follows: First, mothers’ conversational styles were found to be ‘elaborative style’ and ‘repetitive style’. The factors of the elaborative style were statement elaborations , question elaborations, evaluation and length, and the factors of the repetitive style were statement repetitions, question repetitions, fill-in-the-blank questions and statement, memory Prompt. As to difference in mothers’ conversational styles according to children’s personal variables, no difference was observed in mothers’ conversational styles according to children’s age and gender. Second, in the results of analyzing development of children’s personal narrative, no significant difference was observed in the development of children’s personal narrative according to gender and age. Third, according to the results of examining the relation between mothers’ conversational style and the development of young children’s personal narrative, the elaborative style showed statistical significance for the quadratic term of all its sub‐factors, namely, statement elaboration (F=5.79, p<.05), question elaboration (F=8.71, p<.05), evaluation (F=4.39, p<.05) and length (F=4.69, p<.05), but the repetitive style was found to be statistically insignificant. When the trends were examined, all the sub‐factors of mothers’ elaborative conversational style, namely, statement elaboration, question elaboration, evaluation and length increased while children’s daily narrative developed level 4 but the rate of their increase slowed down after level 4.

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