Since the National Tax Service was established in 1966, national tax administration has been continuously developing and tax avoidance of tax payers has also been developing intelligently. To cope with such situation, the National Tax Service has...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11436514
서울 : 건국대학교 행정대학원, 2008
학위논문(석사) -- 건국대학교 행정대학원 , 세무행정학과 , 2008. 8
2008
한국어
336.2 판사항(22)
서울
vii, 83 p. : 삽도 ; 26 cm
부록 수록
지도교수 :김 상 길
서지적, 설명적 각주 수록
참고문헌: p. 73-76
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다운로드다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
Since the National Tax Service was established in 1966, national tax administration has been continuously developing and tax avoidance of tax payers has also been developing intelligently. To cope with such situation, the National Tax Service has...
Since the National Tax Service was established in 1966, national tax administration has been continuously developing and tax avoidance of tax payers has also been developing intelligently.
To cope with such situation, the National Tax Service has given its revenue officers the questioning and investigating authority to guarantee honest tax filing and payment of tax payers and the administrative procedures for tax investigation has been in place. Hence, this research has been initiated to attempt to find out about the relationship between the officers and tax payers to be developed in the course of the tax investigation, or in what frame of mind the respective parties face such investigation and what purpose the officers expect to achieve in order to explore ways toward improvement methods of tax investigation ensuring protection of the rights and interests of the tax payers, and the fairness of the tax investigation at the same time.
Tax investigation is one of the tax administrative procedures conducted by the taxation authority regardless of intentions of the tax payers on the basis of the questioning and investigating authority as set forth in the tax law. Since such investigation is conducted independently of the intentions of the tax payers, violation of the rights and interests of the tax payers, trivial as they may be, has been on the increase, and the subjects for the investigation or tax payers are bound to have displeasure with the immense investigating authority granted to the revenue officers.
From the perspectives of the government, the purposes of the tax investigation may be to guarantee honest filing and payment with respect to non-existing negative circumstances rather than the affirmative assumptions that the tax payers have filed taxes honestly.
If we take a look at the tax administration of other countries, not like our case where all tax administrations are controlled by tax integrated system, systematic approaches are made from the stage of selecting the subjects for tax investigation in the United States. Through continuous improvement of the systematic devices such as DIF or NRP and program development, which are incorporated into practical business, they try to ensure maximum the fairness. As they take the lead in various areas of tax administration in Germany, we would need to follow their examples in tax administration.
Even though it provides a convenience of getting a clear grasp of tax payers at a glance to manage everything with one computer network, we might as well keep in mind that the tax administration may be one-sided and fragmental, and the tax administration network may be overloaded.
It is my conviction that the investigating revenue officers should not conduct their tax investigation with respect to the subjects for the investigation selected by such network for the sake of success of their performance but should be very careful not to overlook anything in favor of the tax payers. For example, in determining the tax investigation period for companies or individuals, the investigating officers should avoid selecting the period immediately preceding or following the various tax filing day, or the beginning or later part of the month when such companies or individuals get overloaded with various businesses. In case fixed investigation periods are delayed or moved up for reasons attributable to the National Tax Service, the investigating officers should adjust the investigation period through mutual consultation, not by way of unilateral notification. However, I feel that due to the consciousness of authority held by most of the investigating officers, very few of the officers seem to render to the tax payers that much thoughtful consideration.
Such being the case, in order to ensure to protect the rights and interests of the tax payers and fairness of the investigation at the time of tax investigation, firstly, the National Tax Service should introduce the concept of the administrative process throughout the whole process from selection of subjects for tax investigation to post management, and secondly, enact the tax procedures clearly defining the purpose and grounds of the tax investigation, and thirdly, establish tax payer protection committee in each district tax service and revenue office to substantially guarantee the right of tax payers to express their opinions and their rights to receive assistance of their tax agents in the stages of the investigation and remedy of the rights, so that the reliability of tax payers on the tax investigation may be enhanced. This way, while the tax investigation should strictly make an additional collection of the tax on the portion which tax payers failed to file and omitted under the provision of the tax law under the self-assessment system, the tax investigation should perform the function of guaranteeing the fair taxation whereby the tax payers may perform their tax obligation on their own.
1966년 국세청이 개국한 이후 조세행정은 계속 발전하고 납세자의 조세회피 또한 지능적으로 발전하고 있다. 이에 국세청에서는 납세자의 성실신고․납부를 담보하기 위하여 세무공무...
1966년 국세청이 개국한 이후 조세행정은 계속 발전하고 납세자의 조세회피 또한 지능적으로 발전하고 있다.
이에 국세청에서는 납세자의 성실신고․납부를 담보하기 위하여 세무공무원에게 질문조사권한을 주어 ‘세무조사’라는 행정절차를 시행하기에 이르렀다. 이때 세무조사를 진행하는 과정에서 조사공무원과 납세자는 각자 어떤 생각으로 조사에 임하는지 알아보고, 납세자의 권익을 보호하고 공정성을 확보한 세무조사의 개선방안을 모색해 보고자 연구를 하게 되었다.
세무조사는 세법에서 정하는 질문․검사권을 근거로 납세자의 의사와는 관계없이 과세당국이 행하는 조세 행정 절차 중 하나로, 시간적․법률해석의 복잡성 등으로 완벽한 조사가 이루어 질 수 없어 조사대상자의 입장에서는 불만을 가질 수밖에 없다.
또한, 국가적 입장에서는 세무조사에 대한 목적을 두는데 있어서 납세자가 성실신고를 했다는 긍정적 가정보다는 일어나지 않은 부정적 상황(조세회피, 탈세 등)에 대한 성실신고 납부를 담보하기 위함이 더 크다고 할 것이다.
외국의 세무조사에 대한 조세행정을 살펴보면 우리나라가 국세통합관리시스템으로 모든 조세행정을 관리하는 것과 달리, 미국은 세무조사 대상자를 선정하는 과정부터 체계적으로 임하고 있다. DIF 나 NRP 등의 지속적인 제도적 장치 개선 및 프로그램 개발을 통하여 실무에 도입함으로써 최대한의 공정성을 확보하는데 힘쓰고 있다.
객관성을 위해 전산시스템에 의해 선정된 조사대상자에 대해서도 조사 공무원은 업무실적의 성과를 위해서만 세무조사를 할 것이 아니라, 조사 시기를 정함에 있어서 납세자에게 각 종 세금의 신고기간의 앞․뒤 날짜나, 업무량이 가중되는 월말․초는 가능한 피하도록 하고, 국세청의 내부 사정으로 인하여 조사가 연장될 경우 납세자에게 일방적인 통보가 아닌 사전에 협의를 통해 그 시기를 잘 조정하여야 할 것이다.
따라서 세무조사시 납세자의 권익보호와 공정성을 확보하기 위하여 첫째, 세무조사 대상자의 선정과 관련된 체계적인 전산시스템을 개발해야 하고, 둘째 조사의 목적 및 근거를 명확히 하도록 하는 조세절차를 법제화하고, 셋째, 조사대상자 선정에서부터 사후관리까지 전 과정에 걸쳐 납세자 기본권에 대한 개념을 도입하도록 하여 조사과정 및 권리구제단계에서 납세자의 의견진술권과 세무대리인의 조력을 받을 권리를 실질적으로 보장하여 납세자로 하여금 세무조사에 대하여 심리적 안정과 세정신뢰도를 높일 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. 그리하여 결과적으로 성실신고를 유도하여 납세자 스스로 성실신고를 하지 않으면 엄정한 세무조사를 통해 불이익을 받는다는 인식을 담보함으로써 스스로 성실신고 납세의무를 이행하도록 하여 공평과세 보장수단으로서의 기능을 하여야 한다.
목차 (Table of Contents)