A Study of the Effect of Non-verbal Communication on the Customer’s Emotional Responses and Customer Loyalty in Service Failure Situations in Bakery Cafés - Based on Comparison between the Service Provider’s Uniform and Expression -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of non-verbal communication of the service provider on the customer’s emotional responses and on customer loyalty in a bakery café, as bakery cafés are rapidly developing with the growth of the food service industry in South Korea. For this purpose, videos of non-verbal communication of the service provider in a bakery café were made focusing on appearance and body language and a survey was conducted. The videos for experimental research were composed of four manipulated experimental video clips by combining the uniform as a physical appearance element and the facial expression as a body language element. As a result of experiments, the experimental video clip (a) of 'the tidy uniform and bright facial expression' and the experimental video clip (c) of 'the untidy uniform and bright facial expression' derived the same results, while the experimental video clip (b) of 'the tidy uniform and blank facial expression’ and the experimental video clip (d) of ‘the untidy uniform and blank facial expression’ draw the same results. These results showed that facial expressions affected the customer’s emotional responses and customer loyalty. These results demonstrated that the facial expression of the service provider of the bakery café, which is a sort of body language among non-verbal communication elements, is more important than the uniform, which is an appearance element. In other words, the results showed that the image of employees’ facial expressions may lead to positive customer loyalty even in service failure situations that can sometimes occur in bakery cafés. This study is meaningful in that it investigated which of the facial expression and uniform has a greater effect on the customer’s emotional responses and customer loyalty by comparing the two non-verbal communication elements, which was not conducted in previous studies.

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