개성 공민왕릉 석인상 연구 = A Study on the funerary Sculptures at the tomb of the Gongminwang

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The sculptures of scholarly and military officials(文武人像) in the royal tomb of Gongminwang(恭愍王) reveal some new aspects in style. First, the stone sculptures of military officials wearing armor newly appears, which is different from the old style that only has a scepter. Second, scholary officials are divided into two categories ; one couple of these look like young officials and the other couple look like old ones. This division is also applied to military officials. Third, one couple of military officials put their hands together(拱手) with the sword on their clothes, on the other hand, the other ones set their hands on the sword which has been pulled out and placed in the front. Like these, every efforts has been made to give them various aspects, otherwise stone sculptures in their own sense would seem very simple. Besides, they have other outstanding characteristics ; accurate description of body and clothes, fine carving techniques and so on. Especially they look so lively that they must be based on real ones. We can say that there are no abbreviation and no exaggeration, and these should be counted as the best sculptures at that period. These characteristics which had been established in the latter period of Koryo were succeeded to the early Chosun period, and set the base of the Chosun stone sculptures of scholarly and military officials. We can find these aspects in the Kunwon-leong(健元陵), the royal tomb of Taejo(太祖), and Heon-leong(憲陵), the royal tomb of Taejong(太宗). However, after the period of Sejong(世宗), big changes had been made, so old Young-leong(舊 英陵) took a new shape. The main reason of these changes would come from the fact that Kim Sa-haeng(金師辛) supervising the royal tomb of Gongminwang, and Park Ja-chong(朴子淸) influenced by Kim Sa-haeng were all retired from the front. Afterwards, the Chosun stone sculptures of scholary and military officials took old Young-leong(舊 英陵)`s influence and made its own style.