아동의 정보처리 속도의 개인차와 지능간의 관계 연구 = A Study on the Relationships between Individual Differences in Speed of Information Processing and Intelligence in Children

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between individual differences in the reaction times(RTs) and greference tests by using Hick's paradigm.
Forty- one fifth grade students participated in two sessions. In the first session, they took two kinds of g reference tests, including Raven's Advaneced Progressive Matrices. In the second session, they individually participated in a RT experiment in which they were told that, when a light went on, they must press the button located below that light. Their RTs were recorded with the time interval from the onset of the light until the response button was pushed. RT tasks in this experiment were divided into four RT conditions depending on the number of exposed light, and it was hypothesized that subject's performance in each RT condition would require bits of information expressed as the log to the base 2 of the number of buttons exposed( Hick' law).
Correlational analyses offered several important findings. First, since the correlations between RTs derived from Hick's paradigm and g reference tests were relatively high and significant, Jensen's hypothesis that individual differences in g would be partially due to RTs on relatively simple tasks was supported. However, differently from Jensen's earlier findings, these correlations did not increase linearly with the bits of information. Second, RT showed a tendecy to increase linearly with the bits of information. Also, the slope of this line showed high and significant correlations with g(r=.46 and r=.34). However, these positive correlations were counterintuitive in that more intelligent children processed a single unit of information at slower rate. Third, mean or median RT more highly correlated with g than did the variability in RT. The result suggested that individual differences in RT may in part reflect differences in the efficiency of neurophysiological mechanisms, as Jensen hypothesizes, rather than differences in attentional control, as Carroll hypothesizes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 실험
• 피험자
• RT 측정도구
• 지능검사
• 실험 절차 및 설계
• 결과 및 논의
• 지능 수준에 따른 RT 분석
• 남녀 아동에 따른 RT 분석
• Hick' law에 대한 검증
• RT 관련 모수치와 참고 지능검사 점수간의 상관
• 결론
• 본 연구의 요약
• 본 연구의 제한점